Attention network dynamics in the primate brain

灵长类动物大脑中的注意力网络动态

• 批准号: 8701759
• 负责人: SABINE KASTNER
• 金额: $ 25.68万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8701759
• 关键词: Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attentional deficit; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Communication; Diagnostic; Electrocorticogram; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Epilepsy; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Implant; Individual; Lesion; Link; Literature; Location; Macaca; Measures; Mental disorders; Modeling; Monkeys; Outcome; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Perception; Phase; Physiology; Play; Primates; Process; Public Health; Research; Role; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stroke; Testing; Thalamic structure; Variant; Visual; Visual Pathways; Visual system structure; attentional modulation; directed attention; effective therapy; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; lateral intraparietal area; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; operation; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; spatial neglect; spatiotemporal; treatment strategy

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The visual environment contains more information than can be processed simultaneously. Due to this limited processing capacity of the visual system, it is necessary to select the behaviorally most relevant information for further processing and to filter out the unwanted information, a fundamental ability known as attentional selection. There is converging evidence from physiology studies in monkeys and neuroimaging studies in humans that attentional selection occurs at multiple stages along the visual pathway and is controlled by a network of higher-order areas in frontal and parietal cortex that includes the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) in the monkey and functionall similar areas in the human. In monkeys, physiology studies have begun to characterize the interactions across the network by simultaneously recording from two or more interconnected nodes of the attention network. One important result of these studies suggests that the strength of attentional modulation depends on the degree of neural synchrony between areas. In contrast, in humans, little is known about the temporal dynamics and functional interactions across areas of the attention network. Further, despite the macaque brain serving as prime model for a basic understanding of human brain function, it remains unclear how neural mechanisms related to perception and cognition compare across primate species. By recording intracranially from frontal and parietal cortex of monkeys and of epilepsy patients, who are chronically implanted with subdural grids for diagnostic purposes, while performing an identical spatial attention task we pursue two main goals in this project: (i) to characterize the temporal dynamics of the human attention network; and (ii) to compare electrophysiological signals related to spatial attention and obtained in functionally similar areas across primate species (monkey/human). The central hypothesis is that modulation of oscillatory activity plays an important functional role in spatial attention control and can predict behavioral outcome in both primate species. The significance of the proposed research is that it will contribute to our understanding of a fundamental cognitive operation, selective attention, the impairment of which has devastating consequences on human health. Attentional deficits are frequently observed in neurological diseases, e.g. after stroke, leading to visuo-spatial neglect, an impairment in directing attention to contralesional visual space, as well as in psychiatric diseases (e.g. schizophrenia). In addition, our proposed studies will be the first to directly compare human and macaque physiology, thereby connecting two different bodies of literature, i.e. EEG/fMRI and macaque electrophysiology.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉环境包含的信息多于可以同时处理的信息。由于视觉系统的处理能力有限，有必要选择行为上最相关的信息进行进一步处理并过滤掉不需要的信息，这是一种称为注意选择的基本能力。猴子生理学研究和人类神经影像学研究的一致证据表明，注意力选择发生在视觉通路的多个阶段，并由额叶和顶叶皮层的高阶区域网络控制，其中包括额叶眼区（FEF）以及猴子的外侧顶内区（LIP）和人类的功能相似区域。在猴子中，生理学研究已经开始通过同时记录注意力网络的两个或多个互连节点来表征整个网络的相互作用。这些研究的一项重要结果表明，注意力调节的强度取决于区域之间神经同步的程度。相比之下，在人类中，人们对注意力网络各个区域的时间动态和功能相互作用知之甚少。此外，尽管猕猴大脑是基本了解人类大脑功能的主要模型，但目前仍不清楚灵长类动物中与感知和认知相关的神经机制如何进行比较。通过记录猴子和癫痫患者的额叶和顶叶皮层的颅内记录，这些患者长期植入硬膜下网格用于诊断目的，同时执行相同的空间注意任务，我们在这个项目中追求两个主要目标：（i）表征时间动态人类注意力网络； (ii) 比较与空间注意力相关的电生理信号，以及在灵长类动物（猴子/人类）的功能相似区域获得的电生理信号。中心假设是振荡活动的调节在空间注意力控制中发挥着重要的功能作用，并且可以预测两种灵长类动物的行为结果。这项研究的意义在于，它将有助于我们理解一种基本的认知功能——选择性注意力，这种功能的损害会对人类健康造成毁灭性的后果。注意力缺陷常见于神经系统疾病，例如神经系统疾病。中风后，导致视觉空间忽视，对对侧视觉空间的注意力受损，以及精神疾病（例如精神分裂症）。此外，我们提出的研究将是第一个直接比较人类和猕猴生理学的研究，从而连接两个不同的文献，即脑电图/功能磁共振成像和猕猴电生理学。