2019 Neural Crest and Cranial Placodes GRC and GRS

2019 神经嵴和颅板 GRC 和 GRS

基本信息

批准号：
9988072
负责人：
Paul Trainor
金额：
$ 0.8万
依托单位：
GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-20 至 2020-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9988072
关键词：
Adrenal Glands Afferent Neurons Amphibia Anosmia Anterior Pituitary Gland Area Biological Models Cartilage Cells Cephalic Chromaffin Cells Ciliary Muscle Clinical Cochlea Collaborations Communities Congenital Abnormality Congenital Megacolon Corneal Endothelium Craniofacial Abnormalities Crystalline Lens Data Defect Development Developmental Process Disease Drug Screening Embryonic Structures Endocrine Ensure Enteral Enteric Nervous System Epithelial Equilibrium Europe Evolution Eye Faculty Fertility Fishes Fostering Future Gender Gonadotropin Hormone Releasing Hormone Hair Cells Hearing Heart Abnormalities Heart Septum Homeostasis Hour Human Hypopituitarism Hypothalamic structure Infertility International Kallmann Syndrome Labyrinth Learning Malignant Neoplasms Mentors Mentorship Mesenchymal Minority Modeling Morphogenesis Natural regeneration Neural Crest Neural Crest Cell Neuroblastoma Neuroglia Neurons Odontoblasts Olfactory Epithelium Organ Organogenesis Pattern Peripheral Pharmaceutical Preparations Pigments Policies Population Postdoctoral Fellow Puberty Regenerative Medicine Research Research Personnel Running Scientist Senior Scientist Sense Organs Stem cells Stria Vascularis System Taste Buds Time Tissues Tooth structure Underrepresented Minority Vertebrates Visceral Woman Work base blastomere structure bone career cell type clinically relevant clinically significant commune congenital deafness craniofacial design disability field study graduate student human stem cells informal atmosphere lateral line meetings melanocyte melanoma migration nervous system disorder neural plate novel strategies ototoxicity peer networks posters somatosensory supportive environment symposium tumor progression

项目摘要

Project Summary The neural crest and cranial placodes are transient embryonic structures derived from adjacent ectodermal domains at the neural plate border, which undergo extensive migration and/or morphogenetic changes and contribute to an extraordinary array of cell types essential for human form and function. Their evolution and elaboration are thought to have been critical for the evolution and diversification of vertebrates. Neural crest cells give rise to all peripheral glia, all peripheral autonomic and enteric neurons and most peripheral somatosensory neurons, as well as adrenal chromaffin cells, pigment cells, craniofacial cartilages and bones, the dentine-producing odontoblasts of teeth, the aorticopulmonary septum of the heart, and the ciliary muscles and corneal endothelium of the eye. Neural crest defects underlie, for example, many congenital craniofacial anomalies and heart defects, and enteric nervous system disorders such as Hirschsprung disease. The reactivation of developmental processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition is important for cancer progression; indeed, some of the most aggressive cancers, including melanoma and neuroblastoma, arise from neural crest-derived cells. Placodes form the paired peripheral sense organs (the olfactory epithelia, the inner ears and the lateral line system of fishes and amphibians, including their afferent neurons, plus the eye lenses), as well as afferent neurons for taste-buds and the visceral organs, hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons (required for fertility, since they trigger puberty) and the endocrine anterior pituitary gland, essential for homeostasis. The clinical significance of cranial placodes includes congenital deafness, congenital hypopituitarism, and the combined anosmia and infertility of Kallmann syndrome, while the fish lateral line is a model for hair cell development, regeneration, and screening for drugs that protect against ototoxic drugs. Recent advances in generating both neural crest and placode derivatives from human stem cells are highly promising avenues for future approaches to regenerative medicine. The Neural Crest and Cranial Placodes Gordon Research Conference and the associated trainee-organized Gordon Research Seminar aim to bring together diverse scientists from across the spectrum of this broad research field, using a variety of model systems, in order to exchange unpublished data and novel approaches, form new collaborations, and mentor junior scientists, in an informal, supportive environment. Sessions are designed to promote interaction between scientists focused on basic mechanisms and those with a direct clinical focus: they run the gamut from early stages in neural crest and placode formation, cell potential and fate choice, tissue interactions, morphogenesis and organogenesis, migration and patterning, to birth defects and disease, stem cells and regenerative medicine.

项目摘要神经rest和颅骨位置是瞬时胚胎结构，该结构源自相邻外胚层神经板边界的域，经历了广泛的迁移和/或形态发生变化，有助于对人类形式和功能必不可少的一系列细胞类型。他们的演变和阐述被认为对于脊椎动物的进化和多样化至关重要。神经rest细胞产生所有外周神经胶质，所有外周自主神经和肠神经元以及大多数外周体感神经元以及肾上腺染色体细胞，色素细胞，颅面软骨和骨头，牙齿产生的牙本质细胞，心脏的主动脉肺间隔和眼睛的睫状肌肉和角膜内皮。例如，神经rest的缺陷是许多先天性颅面异常和心脏缺陷以及肠神经系统疾病（例如 Hirschsprung病。发育过程的重新激活，例如上皮 - 间质转变对于癌症进展很重要；确实，一些最具侵略性的癌症，包括黑色素瘤和神经母细胞瘤是由神经rest衍生的细胞引起的。位置形成配对的外围感官器官（嗅觉上皮，内耳和鱼类和两栖动物的外侧线系统，包括它们的传入神经元，加上眼镜），以及用于味道和内脏器官的传入神经元，下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素神经元（由于触发青春期，其生育需要）和内分泌垂体前腺，对体内平衡至关重要。颅骨位置的临床意义包括先天性耳聋，先天性下降症以及卡尔曼的综合性疾病和不育综合征，而鱼的横向线是毛细胞开发，再生和筛查药物的模型防止耳毒性药物。在产生神经波峰和placode衍生物方面的最新进展从人类干细胞中，对于将来的再生医学方法来说，是高度有希望的途径。神经rest和颅骨位置戈登研究会议以及相关的受训者组织 Gordon Research Research研讨会旨在将来自这个广泛范围的各种科学家汇集在一起使用各种模型系统的研究领域，以交换未发表的数据和新方法，在非正式的支持环境中形成新的合作和导师初级科学家。会议是旨在促进专注于基本机制的科学家与具有直接机制的互动临床重点：它们从神经rest和Placode形成，细胞电位和命运选择，组织相互作用，形态发生和器官发生，迁移和模式，归因于先天缺陷和疾病，干细胞和再生医学。