Enhanced Surveillance for New Vaccine Preventable Diseases

加强对新疫苗可预防疾病的监测

• 批准号: 9980742
• 负责人: MARY A STAAT
• 金额: $ 219.38万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9980742
• 关键词: Enhanced; Surveillance; New; Vaccine; Preventable

PROJECT SUMMARY ABSTRACT FOR THE NVSN CORE The purpose of this project is to support a network of US pediatric institutions to conduct prospective, active surveillance in defined inpatient and emergency department (ED) populations for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) and in asymptomatic healthy controls for evaluation of disease burden and annual estimates of influenza and rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE). The results from this program will be used to inform vaccine recommendations and assess the public health impact of the US rotavirus and influenza vaccination programs and provide epidemiologic data for other infectious diseases with therapeutics and vaccines in development. A second purpose is to prospectively follow children from birth to age two for a natural history study of pathogens and immunologic factors related to symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. Our proposal for this study is provided separately as an Optional Component. The first objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of current or upcoming vaccines or other immunoprophylaxis strategies and to inform pediatric vaccine-related policies. This will be done through the AGE and ARI active surveillance program. The rotavirus and influenza vaccine programs will be evaluated. Children with AGE enrolled in the hospital and ED will have stool tested for rotavirus and rotavirus vaccine verification completed. Using a test-negative design, the vaccination status of children with laboratory- confirmed rotavirus will be compared to children testing negative for rotavirus to determine the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines by age and vaccine type. Children > 6 months to 18 years of age hospitalized for ARI will be enrolled, nasal and throat swabs will be tested by influenza RT-PCR and vaccine verification will be completed. VE estimates will be made using a test-negative study design by age, vaccine type and influenza sub-types. The secondary objective is to actively assess the burden of AGE and ARI pathogens in pediatric hospital and ED populations using sensitive laboratory techniques on specimens collected during the 5 years of the project. A separate healthy control surveillance program will provide age and season frequency matched children for comparison to ill children for both AGE and ARI pathogens. Age- and pathogen-specific population-based estimates of incidence will be made by site and setting (hospital and ED). A third objective is to examine the epidemiologic, host and environmental factors that are relevant for public health interventions of vaccine preventable diseases and diseases in need of preventive or treatment strategies. This will be done through investigator-initiated proposals through the surveillance and optional component. This surveillance network and its associated activities will lead to high impact public health findings in the field of vaccine preventable diseases that will ultimately contribute to strategies to reduce the overall healthcare burden from these diseases and improve the health of the US population.

NVSN核心的项目摘要摘要 该项目的目的是支持美国儿科机构的网络，以进行潜在的活跃 急性胃炎（年龄）的定义住院和急诊科（ED）的监视 和急性呼吸系统疾病（ARI）和无症状的健康对照，以评估疾病负担 以及流感和轮状病毒疫苗有效性（VE）的年度估计值。该程序的结果将 用于通知疫苗建议并评估美国轮状病毒的公共卫生影响 流感疫苗接种计划，并为其他感染性疾病提供流行病学数据 和开发疫苗。第二目的是前瞻性地跟随儿童从出生到2岁 与症状和无症状有关的病原体和免疫因素的自然史研究 感染。我们对这项研究的建议分别作为可选组成部分提供。 第一个目的是评估当前或即将到来的疫苗或其他其他疫苗的有效性和影响 免疫预防策略并为小儿疫苗相关政策提供信息。这将通过 年龄和ARI主动监视计划。将评估轮状病毒和流感疫苗计划。 患有年龄的儿童在医院招收，ED将对轮状病毒和轮状病毒疫苗进行粪便测试 验证完成。使用测试阴性设计，实验室儿童的疫苗接种状况 将确认的轮状病毒与轮状病毒阴性测试的儿童进行比较，以确定 轮状病毒疫苗按年龄和疫苗类型。儿童> 6个月至18岁的ARI住院 注册，鼻拭子和喉咙拭子将通过流感RT-PCR进行测试，将完成疫苗验证。 VE估计将使用年龄，疫苗类型和流感亚型的测试阴性研究设计进行。 次要目标是积极评估儿科医院的年龄和ARI病原体的负担 ED种群使用敏感的实验室技术对项目的5年收集的标本进行。 一个单独的健康控制监视计划将为年龄和季节频率与儿童相匹配 与年龄和ARI病原体的生病儿童进行比较。年龄和病原体基于人群 发病率的估计将按现场和设置（医院和ED）进行。 第三个目标是检查与公众相关的流行病学，宿主和环境因素 疫苗可预防疾病和需要预防或治疗策略的疾病的卫生干预措施。 这将通过调查员发动的提案通过监视和可选组件来完成。 该监视网络及其相关的活动将导致该领域的公共卫生发现很大 可预防疾病的疫苗，最终将有助于减少整体医疗保健的策略 这些疾病的负担并改善了美国人口的健康。

项目成果

Vaccine effectiveness for laboratory-confirmed influenza in children 6-59 months of age, 2005-2007.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.037
• 发表时间: 2011-11
• 期刊: Vaccine
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: M. Staat;M. Griffin;Stephanie Donauer;K. Edwards;P. Szilagyi;G. Weinberg;C. Hall;M. Prill;S. Chaves;C. Bridges;K. Poehling;G. Fairbrother