A nutrition-based approach to reduce heart disease risk among overweight African Americans: Use of soul food plant-based or omnivorous diets to address cardiovascular disease

降低超重非裔美国人心脏病风险的基于营养的方法：使用灵魂食品、植物性或杂食性饮食来解决心血管疾病

• 批准号: 9922137
• 负责人: Gabrielle Michelle Turner-McGrievy
• 金额: $ 62.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-15 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9922137
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Adoption; Adult; Affect; African; African American; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Body Weight decreased; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Chronic Disease; Church; Clinic; Communities; Death Rate; Development; Diet; Dietary Intervention; Dietary Practices; Dietary intake; Edible Plants; Ensure; Ethnic group; Failure; Family; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Glycemic Index; Goals; Health; Heart Diseases; Hispanics; Intervention; Intervention Trial; LDL Cholesterol Lipoproteins; Letters; Location; Maintenance; Meta-Analysis; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Overweight; Participant; Pattern; Plants; Population; Preventive Intervention; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Recipe; Research; Restaurants; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Southeastern United States; Taste Perception; Testing; Vegan Diet; Vegetarian diet; Weight; base; cardiovascular disorder prevention; cardiovascular disorder risk; cardiovascular risk factor; cohort; community center; cooking; design; dietary approach; health disparity; heart disease risk; improved; innovation; nutrition; racial and ethnic; randomized trial; research study; satisfaction; weight maintenance

African Americans (AAs) are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD), having the highest death rates from CVD as compared with other racial/ethnic groups. In addition, AAs have the highest rates of obesity as compared to whites and Hispanics. People following plant-based dietary approaches, particularly vegan or vegetarian diets, have lower risks of CVD and lower body weights than omnivores. Vegan and vegetarian diets have been used effectively for weight loss and maintenance and for reversing CVD. Although intervention trials have shown a significant weight-loss and cholesterol-lowering effect of adoption of plant-based diets, t o date, most of these large randomized trials have had limited participation from AA participants. AAs tend to lose less weight during behavioral interventions than their white counterparts. In addition, most research has shown that AAs are more likely to discontinue participation in behavioral dietary interventions. This combination of higher attrition and lower weight loss may be due to a failure to address issues that are culturally relevant to the AA population. Our recent 6-month trial examined the use of a vegan diet as compared to 4 other plant-based dietary approaches (vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, or omnivorous). Weight loss among AAs in the vegan diet was significantly greater (-8.5±3.3%, n=3) than AAs randomized to diet approaches that will be similar to the omnivorous approach in our proposed study (semi- vegetarian/omnivorous groups, 1.4±1.8%, n=3). Of the 12 AA participants who began the study, only one did not complete the study (8% attrition rate) compared to 12 out of the 49 white participants (24% attrition). In total, these results point to the potential of an entirely plant-based dietary intervention to overcome two barriers encountered in previous studies aiming to improve dietary intake and weight loss among overweight AAs for CVD prevention: low weight loss results and high attrition rates. The goal of this proposed study is to apply these findings in a CVD prevention intervention specifically for AAs living in the southeast U.S. We have developed a partnership with the owners of two soul food restaurants in Columbia, SC (one vegan, the other traditional).These restaurants, which focus on southern cuisine, are owned and operated by local AA families, and will assist with developing culturally-appropriate recipes for our intervention. W e will conduct a two-year dietary trial among overweight AA adults (N=130) randomized to follow one of two diets both emphasizing southern food culture and low-glycemic index and low-fat foods: Vegan or Omnivorous (omni) diet. This study will compare the impact of these diet patterns on changes in CVD risk factors, including LDL cholesterol and blood pressure, and body weight. If this intervention proves to be successful at reducing weight and CVD risk factors among AAs, it has the potential to be disseminated through a variety of locations throughout the US, including restaurants, federally qualified health clinics, churches, or neighborhood community centers.

非裔美国人（AAS）受心血管疾病（CVD）的影响不成比例 与其他种族/族裔群体相比，CVD的死亡率最高。 此外，AA的最高 与白人和西班牙裔相比，肥胖率。遵循基于植物的饮食方法的人， 特别是素食主义者或素食的饮食，比杂食动物的CVD风险较低，体重较低。素食主义者 素食和素食已被有效地用于减肥和维持和逆转CVD。 尽管干预试验表明采用的重量减轻和降低胆固醇的作用显着 植物性饮食，t o日期，大多数这些大型随机试验的参与度有限 参与者。在行为干预期间，AAS往往比白色对应物减少体重更少。在 此外，大多数研究表明，AA更有可能停止参与行为饮食 干预措施。较高的损耗和较低减肥的组合可能是由于无法解决 与AA人群有关的文化问题。我们最近的6个月试验检查了素食的使用 饮食与其他4种基于植物的饮食方法相比 杂食）。素食饮食中AAS的体重减轻明显大（-8.5±3.3％，n = 3） 在我们提出的研究中，随机分配到与杂食性方法相似的饮食方法（半 素食/杂食组，1.4±1.8％，n = 3）。在开始研究的12名AA参与者中，只有一个 与49名白人参与者中有12名相比，未完成研究（8％的流失率）（24％的损耗）。在 总共，这些结果表明，完全基于植物的饮食干预措施克服两个障碍的潜力 在先前的研究中遇到的旨在改善超重AA的饮食摄入和体重减轻 CVD预防：低体重减轻结果和高损耗率。 这项拟议的研究的目的是将这些发现专门用于CVD预防干预措施 AAS居住在美国东南部，我们与两家灵魂餐厅的所有者建立了合作伙伴关系 在南卡罗来纳州哥伦比亚（一种素食主义者，另一种传统）。这些关注南方美食的餐厅是 由当地AA家庭拥有和运营，并将协助为我们的 干涉。 w E将在超重AA成年人（n = 130）中进行为期两年的饮食试验 遵循两种饮食之一，既强调南方粮食文化，低血糖指数和低脂食品： 素食主义者或杂食（Omni）饮食。这项研究将比较这些饮食模式对CVD变化的影响 危险因素，包括LDL胆固醇和血压以及体重。如果证明这种干预是 成功减少AAS中的体重和CVD风险因素的成功，它有可能通过 美国各地的各种地点，包括餐馆，联邦资格的健康诊所，教堂或 社区社区中心。