Exposure to Violence and Subsequent Weapons Use: Mediating and Moderating Processes

遭受暴力和随后使用武器：调解和缓和过程

基本信息

批准号：
9919603
负责人：
Eric F Dubow
金额：
$ 37.65万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-07-01 至 2021-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9919603
关键词：
Achievement Address Adolescent Adoption Affect African American Age Age-Years Aggressive behavior Attitude Behavior Belief Child Rearing Childhood Cities Code Cognitive Communities Crime Data Data Reporting Death Rate Developed Countries Development Discipline Emotional Exposure to Family Firearms Follow-Up Studies Fright Growth Guns Health Individual Interview Knowledge Life Link Long-Term Effects Longitudinal Studies Mass Media Measures Mediating Mediator of activation protein Michigan Monitor Murder Neighborhoods Parents Participant Patient Self-Report Pattern Persons Posttraumatic growth Predisposition Prevention Process Prospective Studies Public Health Reporting Research Risk Risk Factors Role Sampling Shapes Site Social Environment Testing Time United States Victimization Video Games Violence Youth analytical method behavioral outcome cohort community intervention contextual factors criminal behavior data archive desensitization emerging adult emotion dysregulation emotional reaction family influence follow up assessment follow-up gun violence high school inner city innovation peer prospective protective factors public health relevance rehearsal response social social cognition social media teacher theories violence exposure violent crime weapon carrying weapons young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Gun violence in the United States is a serious public health concern. The nation's firearm death rate is the highest among industrialized nations, with an alarmingly high rate among African-American youth. We will examine childhood and adolescent contextual and individual predictors of late adolescent and early adulthood gun attitudes and gun violence among a sample of urban, mostly African-American youth, as well as factors that protect these youth from the effects of exposure to violence. First, we plan to follow up a sample of youth in Flint, Michigan, who were in grades 2, 4, and 9 when first interviewed in 2006-07. We have extensive 3-year prospective data on their media exposure, exposure to violence in the neighborhood and family, parenting, social cognitions related to aggression, and academic and behavioral outcomes (including self, parent, and teacher reports). We will collect geocoded crime data on their neighborhoods while growing up (e.g., exposure to gun violence and related gun crimes, independent of other forms of violence exposure, using geospatial analytic methods), and re-interview the participants again (ages 18, 20, and 25 years of age) on their attitudes toward and use of firearms (and collect criminal data on them). Second, we will conduct a new 3-wave prospective study of high school 10th graders at two sites (Flint, MI and Jersey City, NJ) to expand our knowledge of the risk factors that promote youth's and young adults' violent behaviors with firearms and other weapons; most important, we will collect self-report data on specific social cognitions related to weapon carrying and weapon use, as these weapon-related social cognitions were not available in our earlier study. In both studies, we also will examine potential protective factors (e.g., parenting, constructive social activities, civic engagement) that moderate the effects of exposure to violence on subsequent violent behavior. Our specific aims are to: 1) evaluate the impact of exposure to people's use of weapons (guns, etc.) on risk for violent behavior, including weapon-carrying, weapon use, threatening others with a weapon, and committing crimes with a weapon; 2) examine the role of social cognitions and emotional reactions concerning general aggression and aggression with weapons in mediating the longitudinal effect of exposure to weapon violence on violent behavior; 3) examine the role of individual and contextual factors in moderating the impact of violence exposure on violent behavior; and 4) assess the impact of exposure to weapon violence and general violence at different ages on risk for subsequent weapon carrying and weapon use at later ages. This will allow us to test key theoretical propositions concerning mediating cognitive and emotional processes that might account for the long-term effects of general and weapon-specific violence exposure, as well as protective factors that can inform the development of multi-layered community intervention efforts to reduce gun violence among urban youth.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国的枪支暴力是一个严重的公共卫生问题，该国的枪支死亡率是工业化国家中最高的，其中非裔美国青年的死亡率高得惊人。城市（主要是非裔美国青年）样本中青少年晚期和成年早期枪支态度和枪支暴力的个体预测因素，以及保护这些青少年免受暴力影响的因素首先，我们计划遵循。我们对密歇根州弗林特的青少年进行了抽样调查，他们在 2006-07 年首次接受采访时分别为 2、4 和 9 年级。我们拥有关于他们的媒体曝光度、邻里和家庭暴力曝光度的大量 3 年前瞻性数据。我们将收集有关他们成长过程中社区的地理编码犯罪数据（例如，接触枪支暴力和相关枪支犯罪的情况）。其他形式的暴力暴露，使用地理空间分析方法），并再次采访参与者（18岁、20岁和25岁），了解他们对枪支的态度和使用情况（并收集有关他们的犯罪数据）。我们将对两个地点（密歇根州弗林特和新泽西州泽西市）的高中十年级学生进行一项新的三波前瞻性研究，以扩大我们对促进青少年暴力行为的风险因素的了解枪支和其他武器；最重要的是，我们将收集与武器携带和使用相关的特定社会认知的自我报告数据，因为这些与武器相关的社会认知在我们早期的研究中不可用，我们也将进行检查。缓和暴力暴露对后续暴力行为影响的潜在保护因素（例如，养育子女、建设性社会活动、公民参与）我们的具体目标是：1）评估暴露于人们使用武器（枪支等）的影响。 .) 关于暴力风险行为，包括携带武器、使用武器、用武器威胁他人以及用武器犯罪；2）研究关于一般攻击性和武器攻击性的社会认知和情绪反应在调节武器暴露的纵向效应中的作用；暴力对暴力行为的影响；3) 研究个人和背景因素在调节暴力暴露对暴力行为的影响方面的作用；以及 4) 评估不同年龄段暴露于武器暴力和一般暴力对随后携带武器的风险的影响；这将允许在以后的年龄使用武器。我们测试有关调解认知和情感过程的关键理论命题，这些命题可能解释一般暴力和特定武器暴力暴露的长期影响，以及可以为制定多层次社区干预努力以减少枪支提供信息的保护因素城市青年中的暴力行为。