Experimentally Testing Legally Feasible Regulatory Options for Reducing the Impact of the Point-of-sale Retail Environment on Adolescent Tobacco Use.

实验测试合法可行的监管方案，以减少销售点零售环境对青少年烟草使用的影响。

• 批准号: 9912130
• 负责人: William G Shadel
• 金额: $ 52.66万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-09 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9912130
• 关键词: Adolescent; Advertisements; Advertising; African American; Amendment; Boston; Budgets; Caucasians; Cigar; Cigarette; Collection; Consequentialism; Electronic cigarette; Environment; Exposure to; Future; Gender; Industry; Investigation; Legal; Life; Location; Menthol; Price; Public Health; Race; Reaction; Regulation; Research; Rights; Risk; Sales; San Francisco; Science; Smokeless Tobacco; Speech; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; United States; cigarillos; cost; court; evidence base; experimental study; health goals; posters; programs; reduce tobacco use; tobacco advertising; tobacco exposure; tobacco products

Project Summary Tobacco advertising at retail point-of-sale (POS) includes promotional allowances that permit tobacco products to be advertised and sold at reduced cost to consumers (e.g., two-for-one specials); high visibility sale and therefore placement of hundreds of tobacco products on power walls; and the display of a large, diverse collection of poster advertisements on the exterior of the stores. Adolescents are at significant risk for having repeated exposures to this tobacco rich POS environment and such exposures contribute to increases in adolescent tobacco use. Although curbing the effect of the tobacco rich POS environment on adolescent tobacco use is a critical public health goal, some POS advertising regulations are unlikely to be viable in the United States because they impinge upon the tobacco industry's commercial free speech rights. For example, eliminating the tobacco power wall is probably not a viable option in the US as it has been successfully challenged in court by the tobacco industry. POS regulations that do not violate the industry's commercial free speech rights stand a better chance of being upheld by the courts. For example, eliminating tobacco product price promotions, reducing the availability of tobacco products by restricting the sale of flavored products, and restricting how much door/window space tobacco product posters can occupy at POS, all have been implemented as feasible and legally defensible regulatory options at POS. The evidence base supporting the efficacy of these initiatives is, however, almost non-existent – leaving them open to legal scrutiny. The overall aim of this research is to experimentally evaluate different, legally-viable approaches to reducing the impact of the POS retail environment on adolescent tobacco use risk. We will be investigating the regulations for four classes of tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, little cigars/cigarillos). We propose to investigate the extent to which eliminating tobacco product price promotions (Study 1), restricting how much door/window space tobacco posters can occupy at POS (Study 2), and eliminating the sale of flavored and/or mentholated tobacco products (Study 3) reduce adolescent tobacco-use risk. Each study will evaluate gender and race (African-American vs Caucasian) as key moderators of the regulations under investigation. The studies will take place in the RAND StoreLab, a life-sized replica of a convenience store that was developed to experimentally evaluate how altering aspects of tobacco promotion at POS influences tobacco use. These studies stand to provide critical proof-of-concept information on whether incremental (but legally feasible) changes to the POS environment influence adolescent tobacco use and thus, advance regulatory science aimed at helping adolescents resist the powerful, tobacco-rich POS retail environment.

项目概要 零售销售点 (POS) 的烟草广告包括允许烟草产品的促销津贴 以较低的成本向消费者进行广告和销售（例如，买二送一的特价商品）； 因此，在电源墙上放置了数百种烟草产品；并展示了一个大型的、多样化的产品； 商店外部张贴海报广告的青少年面临着巨大的感染风险。 反复暴露于这种富含烟草的 POS 环境中，这种暴露会导致 尽管抑制了烟草丰富的 POS 环境对青少年的影响。 烟草使用是一个重要的公共卫生目标，一些 POS 广告法规不太可能在 美国，因为它们侵犯了烟草业的商业言论自由权。 消除烟草电力墙在美国可能不是一个可行的选择，因为它已经成功地 烟草业在法庭上质疑 POS 法规不违反该行业的商业自由。 例如，消除烟草产品的言论权更有可能得到法院的维护。 价格促销，通过限制调味产品的销售来减少烟草产品的供应，以及 限制烟草产品海报在 POS 上可占据的门/窗空间大小，所有这些都已 在 POS 中作为可行且具有法律依据的监管选项实施。 然而，这些举措的有效性几乎不存在——使它们面临法律审查。 本研究的目的是通过实验评估不同的、合法可行的方法来减少 POS零售环境对青少年烟草使用风险的影响 我们将调查四项规定。 烟草制品类别（香烟、电子烟、无烟烟草、小雪茄/小雪茄）。 调查消除烟草产品价格促销的程度（研究 1），限制多少 烟草海报可以在 POS 占据门/窗空间（研究 2），并消除调味品和/或烟草的销售 薄荷烟草制品（研究 3）可降低青少年吸烟风险。每项研究都将评估性别。 和种族（非裔美国人与白人）作为正在调查的法规的主要调节者。 研究将在兰德商店实验室进行，这是一个便利店的真人大小复制品，其开发目的是 通过实验评估 POS 烟草促销的改变如何影响烟草使用。 研究将为增量是否（但在法律上可行）提供关键的概念验证信息 POS 环境的变化影响青少年烟草使用，从而促进监管科学的目标 帮助青少年抵制强大的、富含烟草的 POS 零售环境。