Examining the Mechanisms Underlying the Influence of Facebook Food Advertisements on Adolescents' Eating Behaviors: Randomized Controlled Trials

检查 Facebook 食品广告对青少年饮食行为影响的机制：随机对照试验

基本信息

批准号：
10434838
负责人：
Marie Bragg
金额：
$ 48.98万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-07-01 至 2026-06-30
项目状态：
未结题

项目摘要

Project Summary Poor diet and excess weight during adolescence predicts excess weight and diet-related cancers during adulthood, yet there is little research on the risk factors that contribute to weight gain among adolescents. The National Academy of Medicine identifies exposure to food advertisements (ads) as a major predictor of poor diet among children (<12 years of age) because studies have shown that children who are exposed to food ads consume more calories than children who are exposed to non-food ads. The few food ad studies that have included adolescents (13–17 years of age) found associations between self-reported exposure to television (TV) food ads and poor diet, but we do not know which mechanisms explain this relationship. It is also well established that food companies promote their least healthy products to Black consumers more than White consumers and perceive Black youth as trendsetters. But it is not known whether seeing racially congruent ads (i.e., the person in the ad and the viewer are the same race) places Black adolescents at higher risk of poor diet relative to Whites. Finally, most food ad research is based on TV ads, but food companies are increasingly targeting adolescents on social media. And no social media food ad studies have focused on racially targeted ads. Addressing these gaps is important because adolescence is a critical period for adopting nutritious eating habits that can prevent future diet-related cancers. The overall objective of our three studies is to identify the extent to which exposure to Facebook food ads increases the number of calories purchased and consumed by Black and White adolescents. Guided by strong preliminary data, we will test three aims: 1) To evaluate the extent to which exposure to racially congruent vs. incongruent Facebook food ads causes Black vs. White adolescents to purchase more calories for a snack; 2) To determine the extent to which exposure to many vs. few “likes” on Facebook food ads causes Black and White adolescents to purchase more calories for a snack; and 3) To test the degree to which visual attention to unhealthy foods, racially congruent people, and/or “likes” in Facebook ads explains the relationship between ad exposure and calorie intake. To address the first and second aims, we will conduct two randomized online experiments. Under the third aim, we will conduct a within-subjects lab study using eye-tracking technology. We hypothesize that exposure to racially congruent Facebook food ads will increase the number of calories purchased and consumed by adolescents. We also predict that Black adolescents who attend to Black people in food ads will consume more calories than those who attend to other ad features. This innovative work will examine actual purchases and caloric intake; use novel tools (e.g., Facebook “reaction” buttons) to examine ad preferences; and use a state-of-the-art eye-tracking computer with discreet cameras. The proposed research will increase our mechanistic knowledge of communication tools that influence adolescents' dietary behaviors and could inform cancer prevention interventions that aim to improve adolescents' diets using effective ad techniques.

项目摘要青少年期间饮食不佳，体重超过体重超过体重和饮食相关的癌症成年后，几乎没有关于危险因素导致青少年体重增加的研究。美国国家医学院将接触食品广告（AD）视为饮食不良的主要预测指标在儿童中（<12岁），因为研究表明，暴露于食物广告的儿童与暴露于非食品广告的孩子相比，消耗的卡路里更多。少数几个食品广告研究包括青少年（13-17岁）发现自我报告的电视暴露（电视）之间的关联食物广告和饮食不佳，但我们不知道哪种机制解释了这种关系。它也是很好的食品公司比白人消费者更多地向黑人消费者推广其最不健康的产品，将黑人青年视为潮流引领者。但是尚不知道是否看到种族一致的广告（即在广告中，观众是同一种族）将黑人青少年相对于白人的饮食风险较高。最后，大多数食品广告研究都是基于电视广告，但是食品公司越来越针对青少年在社交媒体上。而且没有社交媒体食品广告研究集中在大致针对的广告上。解决这些差距很重要，因为青少年是采用营养饮食习惯的关键时期未来与饮食有关的癌症。我们三项研究的总体目的是确定暴露于多大程度上 Facebook食品广告增加了黑白青少年购买和消耗的卡路里数量。在强大的初步数据的指导下，我们将测试三个目标：1）评估暴露于种族的程度一致与不一致的Facebook食品广告导致黑人与白人青少年购买更多卡路里小吃; 2）确定在Facebook食品广告上接触多个与少数“喜欢”的程度导致黑色和白人青少年购买更多的零食卡路里； 3）测试视觉关注的程度不健康的食物，种族一致的人和/或Facebook广告中的“喜欢”解释了广告之间的关系曝光和卡路里摄入量。为了解决第一个和第二个目标，我们将在线进行两个随机分析实验。在第三个目标下，我们将使用眼球跟踪技术进行受试者内实验室研究。我们假设接触种族一致的Facebook食品广告将增加卡路里的卡路里数量由青少年购买和消费。我们还预测，参加黑人的黑人青少年在食品广告中，与参加其他广告功能的热量相比，消耗的卡路里会消耗更多的卡路里。这项创新的工作将检查实际购买和热量摄入量；使用新颖的工具（例如Facebook“反应”按钮）检查广告偏好；并使用带有谨慎摄像机的最先进的眼睛追踪计算机。拟议的研究将增加我们对影响青少年饮食行为和的机械知识可以通知癌症预防干预措施，旨在使用有效的AD技术改善青少年饮食。