Plasticity during visual/vestibular conflict

视觉/前庭冲突期间的可塑性

• 批准号: 9757745
• 负责人: Dora Angelaki
• 金额: $ 52.8万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-03 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9757745
• 关键词: Adult; Animals; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Chemicals; Cognitive; Computer Simulation; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Data; Devices; Discrimination; Dizziness; Dorsal; Ensure; Environment; Fatigue; Feedback; Foundations; Goals; Health; Human; Knowledge; Lead; Lesion; Life; Link; Longevity; Medial; Modality; Monitor; Monkeys; Motion Sickness; Motor; Movement; Nausea and Vomiting; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Noise; Pathology; Perception; Population; Probability; Process; Property; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Role; Sea; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Supervision; Testing; Work; behavioral plasticity; behavioral study; brain abnormalities; experimental study; functional restoration; improved; models and simulation; multisensory; neural correlate; neuromechanism; novel; operation; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; sensory cortex; sensory mechanism; success; ventral intraparietal area; visual plasticity; visual-vestibular

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The neural mechanisms of sensory conflict and plasticity are not well understood, yet common in everyday life. If sensory conflict is not ameliorated or reduced, problems to human health, such as motion sickness, can be harmful. Perceptual plasticity can ameliorate motion sickness by reducing sensory conflict. Here we hypothesize that multisensory plasticity enables our senses to dynamically adapt to each other and the external environment. Recent work using human/monkey psychophysics has distinguished two multisensory plasticity mechanisms, "unsupervised" and "supervised". How and where multisensory plasticity takes place in the brain is unknown and this proposal explores specific hypotheses about its neural basis. In aim 1, we will search for neural correlates of adult multisensory plasticity in single cortical neuron activity and population responses from the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) and ventral intraparietal area (VIP). In aim 2, we will search for direct links between neuronal activity and multisensory plasticity using reversible chemical inactivation. The aims outlined here test the hypothesis that unsupervised plasticity occurs in the relatively low- level multisensory cortical area MSTd, whereas supervised plasticity occurs in higher-level multisensory VIP, an area thought closer to where the perceptual decisions that guide behavior are formed. Results from aim 1 about neuronal tuning curve shifts, choice probabilities and noise correlations will be used to compute population thresholds as well as simulate specific cortical lesions. These model simulations will be directly compared with the inactivation experiments in aim 2, thus providing novel information about neural decoding. Results from these experiments are critical for understanding the neural basis of multisensory plasticity, a fundamental operation our brain performs throughout our lives. Our combined use of psychophysics, single cell and population responses, causal manipulations while monitoring perception, as well as computational modeling, represents a state-of-the-art approach and ensures substantial successes.

 描述（由适用提供）：感觉冲突和可塑性的神经机制尚不清楚，但在日常生活中很常见。如果没有改善或减少感觉冲突，那么人类健康的问题，例如运动疾病，可能是有害的。感知可塑性可以通过减少感觉冲突来缓解运动疾病。在这里，我们假设多感觉可塑性使我们的感官能够相互动态适应和外部环境。使用人类/猴子心理物理学的最新工作区分了两种多感觉可塑性机制，即“无监督”和“监督”。多感觉可塑性发生在大脑中是未知的，该提案探讨了有关其神经基础的特定假设。在AIM 1中，我们将搜索成人的神经相关性 单一皮质神经元活性和背侧的种群反应中的多感官可塑性 媒体上级临时区域（MSTD）和腹侧室内区域（VIP）。在AIM 2中，我们将使用可逆的化学失活搜索神经元活性和多感觉可塑性之间的直接联系。这里概述的目的测试了一个假说，即无监督的可塑性发生在相对低级多感觉皮质区域MSTD中，而监督的可塑性发生在高层多感官VIP中，这一区域想到了一个更接近所形成指导行为的感知决策的区域。 AIM 1关于神经元音调曲线的转移的结果，选择的可能性和噪声相关性将用于计算种群阈值以及模拟特定的皮质病变。这些模型模拟将直接与AIM 2中的灭活实验进行比较，从而提供有关神经元解码的新信息。这些实验的结果对于理解多感官可塑性的神经元基础至关重要，这是我们大脑一生所做的基本操作。我们对心理物理学，单细胞和人群反应，因果关系的共同使用，同时监测感知以及计算建模，代表了一种最新方法，并确保了实质性的成功。