Building Research and Capacity on the Economic Policy-Tobacco Control Nexus in Af

非洲经济政策与烟草控制关系的研究和能力建设

基本信息

批准号：
8692726
负责人：
Jeffrey Drope
金额：
$ 28.22万
依托单位：
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-08-15 至 2017-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8692726
关键词：
Address Advocate Affect Africa Africa South of the Sahara African Agreement Ally American Area Collaborations Communicable Diseases Complement Complex Conflict (Psychology)Consultations Consumption Country Data Developing Countries Disease Economic Policy Economics Educational workshop Ensure Focus Groups Foundations Gap Junctions Goals Government Government Officials Health Legislation Health Policy Home environment Industry Institution International Interview Investments Laws Legal Literature Marketing Mentorship North America Outcome Policies Process Public Health Recommendation Reliance Reporting Research Research Personnel Risk Factors Scholarship Series Solutions Statutes and Laws Students Tobacco Tobacco Industry Tobacco use Training Treaty Universities Work World Health Organization assault burden of illness civil society cohort experience falls graduate student health economics improved member multidisciplinary public policy on tobacco skills tobacco control

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The World Health Organization reports that more than 5.4 million people die each year from tobacco-related diseases. Moreover, evolving markets have generated a dramatic shift in consumption from developed to developing countries, and within a decade, more than 70% of the disease burden from tobacco will fall on developing countries. To facilitate this shift, opponents to tobacco control - led by the tobacco industry - have recently begun a widespread assault against tobacco control using international economic agreements, particularly trade and investment rules. This complex nexus of economic and public health policymaking may prove to be home to the largest threat facing tobacco control. The emerging battleground is particularly in countries with weaker capacity, more politically vulnerable governments and a greater economic reliance on tobacco, which includes particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. While there is a small literature documenting some of these recent efforts and another literature that clearly presents the competing legal arguments and some legal solutions, little is known about the political processes that frame these interactions. Understanding these processes is a crucial component to addressing this challenge: helping policymakers to develop strategies to integrate health and economic policies positively. This project aims to fill this gap by identifying rigorously how key actors are accessing the political processes domestically and internationally in order to utilize and/or change economic policies in an effort to influence tobacco control. To reach this aim, we will first collect and analyze existig data and scholarship relevant to the intersection of tobacco control and economic policies in Africa. Using expert consultation with our African partners, we will extensively interview key actors in the region, including relevant ministry officials, civil society advocates and industry representatives. We will complement these interviews with dynamic focus group sessions across the region involving key stakeholders in the processes around the public health-economic policy nexus. One of the project's principal aims is to improve capacity in these vital substantive areas in the region. Accordingly, there will be close coordination among the HIC and African co-investigators, not only for research collaboration, but also to train a select cohort of advanced graduate students in African and North American universities who focus specifically on the political economy of tobacco control in developing countries. As the final component of our capacity-building strategy, the multi-disciplinary team will present the key findings to major stakeholders - policymakers, advocates and scholars - in a series of workshops across the region that will offer specific recommendations for how to develop and implement effective public health and economic policies that co-exist positively. The workshops will be accompanied by a corresponding set of country-specific policy briefs that will also be distributed to key stakeholders unable to attend a workshop.

描述（由申请人提供）：世界卫生组织报告称，每年有超过 540 万人死于与烟草相关的疾病。此外，不断发展的市场导致消费从发达国家转向发展中国家，十年内，70%以上的烟草疾病负担将落在发展中国家身上。为了促进这一转变，以烟草业为首的烟草控制反对者最近开始利用国际经济协议，特别是贸易和投资规则，对烟草控制进行广泛的攻击。经济和公共卫生政策制定的这种复杂关系可能是烟草控制面临的最大威胁的根源。新出现的战场尤其是能力较弱、政府在政治上更脆弱以及经济对烟草依赖程度更大的国家，其中尤其包括撒哈拉以南非洲地区。虽然有一小部分文献记录了最近的一些努力，还有另一篇文献清楚地提出了相互竞争的法律论点和一些法律解决方案，但人们对构成这些相互作用的政治进程知之甚少。了解这些过程是应对这一挑战的关键组成部分：帮助政策制定者制定战略，积极整合卫生和经济政策。该项目旨在通过严格确定主要参与者如何参与国内和国际政治进程来填补这一空白，以便利用和/或改变经济政策来影响烟草控制。为了实现这一目标，我们将首先收集和分析与非洲烟草控制和经济政策交叉相关的现有数据和学术成果。通过与非洲合作伙伴的专家磋商，我们将广泛采访该地区的主要参与者，包括相关部委官员、民间社会倡导者和行业代表。我们将通过整个地区动态的焦点小组会议来补充这些访谈，涉及公共卫生与经济政策关系过程中的关键利益相关者。该项目的主要目标之一是提高该地区这些重要实质性领域的能力。因此，HIC 和非洲联合研究人员之间将密切协调，不仅是为了研究合作，而且是为了培训一批选定的研究人员非洲和北美大学的高级研究生，专门研究发展中国家烟草控制的政治经济学。作为我们能力建设战略的最后组成部分，多学科团队将在整个地区举办的一系列研讨会上向主要利益相关者（政策制定者、倡导者和学者）介绍主要发现，并就如何制定和实施积极共存的有效公共卫生政策和经济政策。研讨会将附有一套相应的针对具体国家的政策简报，这些简报也将分发给无法参加研讨会的主要利益相关者。