Neural dynamics of human working memory networks

人类工作记忆网络的神经动力学

• 批准号: 9753357
• 负责人: MARK D'ESPOSITO
• 金额: $ 52.42万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-26 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9753357
• 关键词: Affect; Affective; Area; Attention Deficit Disorder; Auditory area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Clinical; Cognitive; Color; Computer Simulation; Data; Dementia; Diagnosis; Drug Addiction; Electrocorticogram; Electrophysiology (science); Esthesia; Etiology; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Impairment; Knowledge; Lateral; Lesion; Link; Maintenance; Mediating; Memory; Mental disorders; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor Pathways; Nature; Neurons; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Output; Perception; Performance; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Substance Addiction; System; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Traumatic Brain Injury; Treatment Efficacy; United States National Institutes of Health; Update; Visual Cortex; behavior influence; cognitive control; distraction; experience; flexibility; frontal lobe; frontal lobe function; human subject; insight; multimodality; neocortical; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; normal aging; preservation; prospective; relating to nervous system; response; spatiotemporal

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Intentional and flexible behavior, often called “cognitive control”, requires the maintenance and selection of perceptual, mnemonic, and response representations consistent with the broader context and higher-level goals. One of the most challenging problems in neuroscience is determining how voluntary, goal-directed behavior arises from the distributed activity of billions of neurons in the brain. To tackle this problem, one must understand the cognitive and neural mechanisms of working memory (WM), a fundamental ability underlying goal-directed behavior. The study of WM, however, has only minimally benefited from the revolution in neural dynamics that has been experienced in other fields. Discovery of WM neural dynamics is particularly important given that WM requires the interaction of multiple brain systems, notably the lateral PFC (lPFC) and posterior processing systems. Thus, a determination of the neural mechanisms underlying lPFC function, the most elaborated neocortical region in primates, and WM, remains a fundamental goal of neuroscience research. To achieve this goal, three different methods will be implemented in human subjects in this proposal during the performance of WM task – ECoG, fMRI and TMS. This will provide a convergent approach that tests hypotheses regarding the spatio-temporal basis of WM and will be able to determine the causality of the electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Although not the prime focus of the proposal, the ECoG data will also provide a link to monkey neurophysiology and the neural drivers of the fMRI BOLD signal. Basic knowledge about WM and frontal lobe function can provide substantial insights into the nature of a large number of psychiatric and neurological disorders affecting PFC function such as schizophrenia, dementia, stroke and traumatic brain injury; as well as many other conditions such as attention-deficit disorder, substance addiction and normal aging, that are proposed to involve selective dysfunction of frontal brain systems. Moreover, cognitive and behavioral deficits from PFC damage are particularly challenging to treat. A greater understanding of frontal lobe function is necessary for developing effective therapeutic interventions.

项目摘要/摘要 故意和灵活的行为通常称为“认知控制”，需要维护和选择感知，助记符和响应表示与更广泛的环境和更高级别的目标一致的。神经科学中最挑战的问题之一是确定自愿，目标指导的行为是如何源于大脑中数十亿个神经元的分布活动。为了解决这个问题，必须了解工作记忆的认知和神经元机制（WM），这是目标指导行为的基本能力。然而，对WM的研究只有在其他领域经历的神经动态革命中受益最低。考虑到WM需要多个大脑系统的相互作用，尤其是侧向PFC（LPFC）和后处理系统，WM神经动力学的发现尤其重要。这是确定LPFC功能的神经机制，原发性和WM中最详细的新皮层区域仍然是神经科学研究的基本目标。为了实现这一目标，在WM任务的执行过程中，该提案的人类受试者将实施三种不同的方法 - ECOG，fMRI和TMS。这将提供一种收敛的方法，该方法检验有关WM时空基础的假设，并能够确定电生理和神经成像发现的因果关系。尽管不是该提案的主要重点，但ECOG数据还将提供与猴子神经生理学和fMRI BOLD信号的神经元驱动因素的联系。关于WM和额叶功能的基本知识可以为影响PFC功能的大量精神病和神经系统疾病的性质提供大量见解，例如精神分裂症，痴呆症，中风，脑损伤；以及许多其他疾病，例如注意力缺陷障碍，物质成瘾和正常衰老，这些疾病涉及额叶脑系统的选择性功能障碍。此外，认知和行为定义了PFC损害尤其具有挑战性。对额叶功能有更深入的了解对于制定有效的治疗干预措施是必要的。