Circuit mechanisms of sound processing and detection in the auditory pathway

听觉通路中声音处理和检测的电路机制

• 批准号: 9244762
• 负责人: Maria Neimark Geffen
• 金额: $ 38.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9244762
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory area; Behavioral; Communication; Detection; Development; Dorsal; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Exhibits; Exposure to; Feedback; Goals; Grouping; Head; Hearing; Inferior Colliculus; Interneurons; Lasers; Learning; Link; Measures; Methods; Midbrain structure; Mus; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Neurons; Parvalbumins; Pathway interactions; Patients; Physiologic pulse; Plasticizers; Presbycusis; Process; Property; Reflex action; Research; Role; Somatostatin; Source; Stimulus; Strategic Planning; Structure; System; Testing; Time; auditory feedback; auditory pathway; auditory processing; awake; base; deviant; extracellular; improved; innovation; neuronal circuitry; novel; optogenetics; prepulse inhibition; public health relevance; response; segregation; sound; tool

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A nearly universal and important property of neuronal responses in the auditory pathway is adaptation to the stimulus, such that the neuronal responses to the same sound depend on the context in which the sound is presented. In central auditory pathway, neurons exhibit stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), responding to the same tone more weakly when the tone is presented frequently, than when the tone is presented rarely. SSA is fundamentally different from adaptation found earlier in the auditory pathway, because it does not generalize across all inputs to a neuron, and therefore cannot be explained by a generalized reduction in excitability of the neuron. The mechanisms that give rise to SSA in the auditory pathway are not well understood. In specific aim 1, we test the hypothesis that two types of inhibitory interneurons facilitate SSA in the auditory cortex in a complementary fashion. In specific aim 2, we test the hypothesis that the auditory cortex provides SSA to the auditory midbrain. Understanding the mechanisms that give rise to SSA is important because SSA have been linked to detection of deviant sounds, a process that contributes to sound source separation and object grouping. However, a direct link between SSA and detection of deviant sounds has not been established. In specific aim 3, we test the hypothesis that SSA in the central auditory pathway facilitates detection of deviant sounds. Impact: Through innovative optogenetic, electrophysiological, and behavioral methods, the proposed research will (1) identify novel neuronal mechanisms that facilitate adaptation in the auditory pathway; (2) dissociate the functional roles of distinct cortical inhibitory circuits and cortico-collicular feeback in auditory processing; and (3) provide a direct test of these circuit elements in auditory perception.

 描述（由适用提供）：听觉途径中神经元反应的几乎普遍且重要的特性是对刺激的适应，因此对同一声音的神经元响应取决于呈现声音的上下文。在中央听觉途径中，神经元暴露于刺激特异性适应（SSA），当音调经常出现时，比呈现音调很少时，对相同的音调的反应更弱。 SSA基本上与在听觉途径中早期发现的适应性基本不同，因为它并未在所有输入中概括为神经元，因此无法通过神经元的兴奋性的普遍降低来解释。在听觉途径中引起SSA的机制尚不清楚。在特定的目标1中，我们检验了以下假设：两种类型的抑制性中间神经元在听觉皮层中最喜欢的SSA以完整的方式。具体目标2，我们检验了听觉皮层为听觉中脑提供SSA的假设。了解引起SSA的机制很重要，因为SSA已与检测到异常声音相关，这一过程有助于声源分离和对象分组。但是，尚未建立SSA与检测到异常声音之间的直接联系。在特定的目标3中，我们检验了中央听觉途径中SSA的假设有助于检测到异常声音。影响：通过创新的光遗传学，电生理和行为方法，拟议的研究将（1）确定促进听觉途径适应的新型神经元机制； （2）在听觉处理中分离不同皮质抑制回路和皮质 - 典型收费的功能作用； （3）在听觉感知中直接测试了这些电路元素。