Integrative Functions of the Planum Temporale

颞平面的综合功能

• 批准号: 9178064
• 负责人: Gregory Hickok
• 金额: $ 55.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9178064
• 关键词: Address; Anatomy; Anterior; Aphasia; Area; Associative aphasia; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Basic Science; Biological Assay; Brain; Clinical Pathways; Communication impairment; Comprehension; Computer Simulation; Cues; Data; Disease; Dyslexia; Environment; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Future; Grant; Hearing; Impairment; Individual; Judgment; Language; Language Disorders; Lateral; Left; Lesion; Location; Maps; Masks; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Names; Noise; Patients; Periodicity; Play; Prevalence; Research; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Severities; Signal Transduction; Source; Specificity; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Stuttering; Symptoms; System; Task Performances; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Visual; Visual Cortex; Voice; Work; audiovisual speech; base; brain behavior; clinical Diagnosis; clinical translation; clinically relevant; comparison group; experimental study; hearing impairment; improved; motor control; motor deficit; multisensory; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; speech recognition; targeted treatment; theories

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Traditionally thought be a speech-dedicated area, the planum temporale (PT) has been implicated in a host of functions including speech perception, tonal processing, auditory-motor integration, spatial hearing, and audio- visual integration. The present proposal uses the lesion method to test hypotheses regarding the causal role the PT region plays in these functions while at the same time providing important new clinically relevant information. We will assess these functions in a large sample of stroke patients to measure the severity, prevalence and relations between these abilities and correlate deficits with lesion location using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) augmented by additional methods. Healthy controls and a hearing impaired comparison group will also be tested. We propose three specific aims selected for basic science theoretical import and maximal opportunity for future clinical translation. Aim 1: Understand the role of spatial hearing in stroke-induced communication impairment. In two experiments with stroke patients we will measure speech in noise comprehension with and without spatial cues as well as non-speech auditory streaming acuity using a "rhythmic release from masking" paradigm. Lesions associated with these deficits will be mapped with VLSM. Aim 2: Understand the neural basis of audiovisual speech integration. AV speech has been shown to improve speech intelligibility over auditory speech alone and could potentially benefit individuals with speech recognition impairments do to aphasia. Our pilot data in stroke patients indeed shows that AV speech can facilitate speech recognition in some patients, but also that it can paradoxically interfere with speech recognition in other patients. The effect it has appears to vary with lesion location. We propose a McGurk task as one probe of AV integration and AV synchrony judgments as a second. Lesions associated with these deficits will be mapped with VLSM. Aim 3: Characterize auditory-motor function and organization of the PT region. Auditory-motor integration is unequivocally central to speech development, speech motor control, and speech impairments such as conduction aphasia and possibly stuttering. Here we use repetition tasks with words, non-words and melodic stimuli-which we used to map the auditory-motor circuit in our fMRI research-as one assay of auditory-motor integration in stroke patients to assess speech specificity of the circuit. In addition, we use computational model-driven measurement of the auditory-motor component of a picture-naming task. Lesions associated with these deficits will be mapped with VLSM. -- The present proposal will illuminate the organization of PT region, the relation between different but functionally related speech systems, and potential pathways for clinical translation.

 描述（由适用提供）：传统上认为是言语的领域，平面颞（PT）已在许多功能中实施，包括语音感知，音调处理，听觉运动整合，空间听力和视听整合。本提案使用病变方法来检验有关PT区域在这些功能中起因果作用的假设，同时提供重要的新临床相关信息。我们将在大量的中风患者样本中评估这些功能，以测量这些能力之间的严重程度，患病率和关系，并使用基于体素的病变症状图（VLSM）与病变位置相关联，并通过其他方法增强。健康对照和听力障碍比较组也将进行测试。我们建议选择三个特定目标用于基础科学理论进口和将来的临床翻译最大机会。目标1：了解空间听力在中风引起的沟通障碍中的作用。在两个中风患者的两个实验中，我们将使用“掩盖中的节奏释放”范式来测量具有和没有空间提示的噪声理解中的语音以及非语音听觉流的敏锐度。与这些缺陷相关的病变将用VLSM映射。目标2：了解视听语音整合的神经基础。 AV语音被证明可以单独改善语音智能，而不是听觉言论，并有可能受益于言语识别障碍的人会导致失语症。我们中风患者中的试验数据确实表明，AV语音可以促进某些患者的语音识别，但它可能会矛盾地干扰其他患者的语音识别。它似乎随病变位置而变化。我们提出了一项麦格克任务，作为AV集成的一个探针，AV同步法官是第二个。与这些缺陷相关的病变将用VLSM映射。 AIM 3：表征PT区域的听觉运动功能和组织。听觉运动的整合在语音发展，语音运动控制和语音障碍（例如传导失语症和可能的口吃）上无疑是至关重要的。在这里，我们使用单词，非字和旋律刺激的重复任务 - 我们用来在fMRI研究中绘制听觉运动电路，作为中风患者中听觉运动整合的一种评估，以评估电路的语音特异性。 此外，我们还使用图片命名任务的听觉运动组件的计算模型驱动的测量。与这些缺陷相关的病变将用VLSM映射。 - 目前的建议将阐明PT区域的组织，不同但功能相关的语音系统之间的关系以及临床翻译的潜在途径。