Unpredictable drug and non-drug alternatives as determinants of cocaine choice

不可预测的药物和非药物替代品是可卡因选择的决定因素

• 批准号: 9097673
• 负责人: Sally Huskinson
• 金额: $ 6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-20 至 2017-07-19
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9097673
• 关键词: Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Cocaine; Cocaine Abuse; Development; Dose; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug abuse; Food; Goals; Health; Human; Intake; Left; Location; Macaca mulatta; Modeling; Modification; Nature; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Price; Psychological reinforcement; Reinforcement Schedule; Research; Schedule; Self Administration; Time; base; contingency management; cost; drug abuser; experience; non-drug; novel; novel strategies; preference; psychosocial; reinforcer; response; substance abuse treatment; translational approach

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The choice to take cocaine can be altered by manipulating the amount and responses required to obtain drug and non-drug alternatives, and this research has contributed to development of behavioral treatments for drug abuse, such as contingency management. Contingency management is the most effective psychosocial treatment for substance abuse. However, the feasibility of contingency management could be enhanced by reducing its cost. Using a nonhuman model of behavioral therapy, we can thoroughly examine variables such as response requirement and reinforcer amount to determine arrangements that most effectively reduce drug choice. Effects of such variables on drug choice in nonhumans have been studied primarily with qualitatively similar response-reinforcer relations for both options. However, the choice to take a drug when drug and competing non-drug alternatives are available under qualitatively different circumstances represents a more translational approach to what human drug abusers experience. Behavior is more persistent with unpredictable (e.g., variable) relative to predictable (e.g., fixed) schedules When choice is between fixed and variable schedules of food, nonhumans tend to choose the variable option, even when the result is net reinforcer loss. Whether nonhumans will choose a variable vs. fixed schedule of drug delivery has not been examined. The overall goal of the proposed research is to examine whether unpredictable reinforcement is a determinant of cocaine choice in rhesus monkeys. The significance of this research is two-fold: 1) it will establish the extent to which a fundamental behavioral phenomenon-preference for unpredictable options-is a key feature of cocaine self-administration; 2) confirmation of our hypotheses would support the use of novel and easily implemented modifications to behavioral therapy for drug abuse based on the unpredictable nature of drug and non-drug options. Specific Aim 1 is to examine choice between predictable and unpredictable schedules of cocaine. It is hypothesized that cocaine will be a more effective reinforcer when available in an unpredictable situation. Specific Aim 2 is to examine choice between predictable and unpredictable schedules of cocaine and food delivery in a drug vs. food situation. It is hypothesized that cocaine will be more effective when it is available under an unpredictable schedule and less effective when food is available under and unpredictable schedule. Specific Aim 3 is to examine choice between cocaine and food when food is unpredictable in terms of schedule and amount per delivery. It is hypothesized that food will be more effective when its schedule and amount of delivery are unpredictable relative to situations where only schedule or amount is unpredictable. If cocaine is chosen more robustly under unpredictable situations, then the unpredictability of cocaine may serve to increase its reinforcing value. Conversely, reducing cocaine choice when alternative non-drug reinforcers are unpredictable may provide an effective and novel approach to treating cocaine abuse.

描述（由申请人提供）：可以通过操纵获得药物和非药物替代品所需的数量和反应来改变选择可卡因的选择，这项研究有助于开发药物滥用行为治疗，例如应急管理。应急管理是滥用药物的最有效的社会心理治疗。但是，可以通过降低其成本来增强应急管理的可行性。使用非人类的行为疗法模型，我们可以彻底检查变量，例如响应要求和增强量量，以确定最有效地减少药物选择的排列。已经研究了这种变量对非人类药物选择的影响，主要研究了这两种选择的质性相似的响应 - 响应强制关系。但是，在定性不同的情况下可以使用药物和竞争非药物替代品时服用药物的选择代表了对人类滥用者体验的一种更翻译的方法。相对于可预测的（例如，固定）时间表时，当选择在固定和可变的食物计划之间，即使结果是结果是净增强损失，行为相对于可预测的（例如，固定）时间表更加持久。尚未检查非人类是否会选择变量与固定的药物交付时间表。拟议的研究的总体目标是检查不可预测的增强是否是恒河猴选择可卡因选择的决定因素。这项研究的意义是两个方面：1）它将确定对不可预测期权的基本行为现象的基本行为现象的程度 - 是可卡因自我管理的关键特征； 2）确认我们的假设将基于药物和非药物选择的不可预测性质，支持对滥用药物滥用行为疗法的新颖和易于实施的修改。具体目的1是检查可卡因的可预测和不可预测时间表之间的选择。假设在不可预测的情况下可卡因可卡因将是一种更有效的增强剂。具体目的2是检查可卡因的可预测和不可预测的可卡因日程与食品粮食与食物状况之间的选择。假设可卡因在不可预测的时间表下可用时会更有效，而当食物可在无法预测的时间表下提供食物时，可卡因将效率降低。当食物在日程安排和每次分娩数量方面无法预测时，具体目标3是检查可卡因和食物之间的选择。假设食物的时间表和交付量相对于仅计划或金额不可预测的情况，食物的时间表和交付量是不可预测的。如果在不可预测的情况下选择可卡因更强大，那么可卡因的不可预测性可能会增加其增强价值。相反，当不可预测的替代性非药物增强剂可能会提供一种有效而新颖的方法来治疗可卡因滥用时，减少可卡因的选择。