Heart Healthy Microalgae? Algal production of TAGs with high levels of PUFAs

心脏健康的微藻？

• 批准号: 8837687
• 负责人: Francisco Omar Holguin
• 金额: $ 14.24万
• 依托单位: NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY LAS CRUCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8837687
• 关键词: Acclimatization; Affect; Algae; American Heart Association; Amino Acids; Animals; Arthritis; Assimilations; Autoimmune Diseases; Biochemical; Biological Factors; Biotechnology; Carbohydrates; Carbon; Cardiology; Carotenoids; Cells; Consumption; Coronary; Coronary heart disease; Cultured Cells; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary intake; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Environment; Essential Fatty Acids; European; Fatty Acids; Fish Oils; Fisheries; Fishes; Goals; Growth; Growth and Development function; Health; Health Benefit; Heart; Heart Diseases; Human; Inflammatory; Infusion procedures; Lectin; Lipids; Malignant Neoplasms; Marines; Membrane Fluidity; Metabolic; Metabolic Pathway; Metabolism; Modeling; Nitrogen; Nutrient; Oils; Omega-3 Fatty Acids; Organism; Pilot Projects; Play; Polyamines; Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; Population; Prevention; Production; Productivity; Regulation; Role; Saline; Salinum; Shotguns; Side; Societies; Source; Southwestern United States; Stress; Techniques; Toxin; Triglycerides; Unsaturated Fatty Acids; Vascular Plant; Weight; base; bioaccumulation; collaborative environment; deprivation; design; dietary requirement; environmental stressor; health disparity; hypertension treatment; interest; light intensity; metabolomics; research study; response; stressor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The American Heart association and the European Society of Cardiology recommend a dietary consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at 1 g/d for the prevention of coronary heart disease. Human dietary sources of PUFAs are mainly derived from fish and fish oil. Unfortunately these natural sources may be compromised with the bioaccumulation of toxins; further the composition of fatty acids (FAs) in the derived oil are not consistent and may not always be high in PUFAs. Sadly declining wild fisheries alone will not fulfill the demand for the dietary requirements from a growing human population. Microalgae are sources of a variety of beneficial metabolites including FAs. They are capable of synthesizing and accumulating PUFAs providing an alternate source for dietary requirements. Oleaginous microalgae are known for their varying lipid productivity and can accumulate up to ~67% lipid by dry wt. Cultivation of microalgae rich in PUFAs is a potential source of dietary omega-3 FAs. In Aim 1 we determine the effect of environmental conditions on PUFA synthesis and primary metabolite pools. We will quantify the abundance and specific FA composition of lipid produced by the oleaginous microalgae N. salina when grown under cold stress & nutrient stress. Adaptability of microalgae to varying environmental conditions does not only directly affect growth and yield but has a determining role on lipid production and composition. In Aim 2 we will determine the complete lipidome by a detailed compositional analysis using FT-ICR MS. These results will identify lipid classes enriched in PUFAs side chains. We will also determine how lipid classes and metabolic pools are influenced and remodeled by abiotic environmental stress promoting the synthesis of PUFAs that are sequestered into triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and accumulation. At the conclusion of this pilot proposal, we will have new information on the roles of abiotic stress on total PUFA accumulation and the metabolic reallocation that supports carbon flux towards their synthesis. Secondly we identify the role that other lipid species play in remodeling and providing highly unsaturated FAs to support the de novo synthesis of TAG rich in PUFA. Algae cultivation is well suited to the desert southwest, especially marine algae, which can use the non-arable land and saline aquifers. The cultivation of microalgae rich in PUFAs is a potential source of dietary omega-3 FAs which can be broadly and economically available for the prevention of nutritionally-based health disparities in the southwestern United States.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国心脏协会和欧洲心脏病学会建议膳食中多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 的摄入量为 1 克/天，以预防冠心病。人类膳食中PUFA的来源主要来自鱼和鱼油。不幸的是，这些天然来源可能会因毒素的生物累积而受到损害；进一步分析衍生油中脂肪酸 (FA) 的组成 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 含量并不一致，且可能并不总是很高。遗憾的是，仅靠野生渔业的减少并不能满足不断增长的人口的饮食需求。微藻是包括 FA 在内的多种有益代谢物的来源。它们能够合成和积累多不饱和脂肪酸，为饮食需求提供替代来源。产油微藻以其不同的脂质生产率而闻名，按干重计可积累高达约 67% 的脂质。培养富含 PUFA 的微藻是膳食 omega-3 FA 的潜在来源。在目标 1 中，我们确定环境条件对 PUFA 合成和初级代谢物库的影响。我们将量化产油微藻 N. salina 在冷胁迫和营养胁迫下生长时产生的脂质的丰度和特定 FA 组成。微藻对不同环境条件的适应性不仅直接影响生长和产量，而且对脂质产生和组成具有决定性作用。在目标 2 中，我们将使用 FT-ICR MS 通过详细的成分分析来确定完整的脂质组。这些结果将鉴定富含 PUFA 侧链的脂质类别。我们还将确定非生物环境胁迫如何影响和重塑脂质类别和代谢库，促进多不饱和脂肪酸的合成，这些多不饱和脂肪酸被隔离在三酰甘油（TAG）的合成和积累中。在该试点提案结束时，我们将获得有关非生物胁迫对 PUFA 总积累的作用以及支持碳通量合成的代谢重新分配的新信息。其次，我们确定了其他脂质种类在重塑和提供高度不饱和 FA 以支持富含 PUFA 的 TAG 的从头合成中所起的作用。西南沙漠非常适合藻类养殖，特别是海藻，可以利用非耕地和咸水层。富含 PUFA 的微藻的培养是膳食 omega-3 FA 的潜在来源，可以广泛且经济地用于预防美国西南部的营养健康差异。