Examining the independent and joint contributions of socioeconomic status and bilingualism on early cognitive development

检验社会经济地位和双语对早期认知发展的独立和共同贡献

• 批准号: 9327019
• 负责人: Natalie Hiromi Brito
• 金额: $ 2.9万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-05 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9327019
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Address; Age; Age-Months; American; Attenuated; Behavioral Paradigm; Birth; Brain; Buffers; Child; Child Development; Cognition; Cognitive; Complement; Cues; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Development; Development Plans; Devices; Disadvantaged; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Foundations; Future; Goals; Hair; Health; Home environment; Hydrocortisone; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Infant; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Joints; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Learning; Life; Linguistics; Link; Longevity; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Minority; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neurocognitive; Newborn Infant; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Population; Poverty; Protocols documentation; Psychosocial Stress; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; School-Age Population; Short-Term Memory; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Sum; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Variant; Work; base; behavior measurement; bilingualism; career; career development; cognitive development; cognitive skill; developmental psychology; disparity reduction; early childhood; improved; infancy; innovation; low socioeconomic status; maternal stress; minority children; neurodevelopment; neurophysiology; psychologic; psychosocial; relating to nervous system; relational memory; resilience; skills; socioeconomic disadvantage; socioeconomic disparity; success

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT My career goal is to lead an interdisciplinary research group that investigates the influence of early environmental variations on cognitive development and future academic success. To acquire the specific training I will need to achieve this, I propose a project that measures socioeconomic status (SES), potential mediators, brain function, and memory during infancy to examine the mechanisms through which both SES disparities and bilingualism operate independently and jointly to influence developmental trajectories. Specifically, I, and my future lab, will integrate EEG neurophysiological measures and developmental psychology behavioral paradigms in order to investigate the effects of the linguistic environment and stress on memory across monolingual and bilingual infants from diverse SES backgrounds. My training to date has provided me with a strong foundation in behavioral paradigms assessing cognitive development; my career development plan expands on these methods, providing essential new training in EEG/ERP techniques, measurement of stress, and data collection with a low-income minority population. Since it is my goal to lead a lab that integrates a diverse set of methodologies to address interdisciplinary questions within the field of child development, my success as an independent researcher depends on these skills. Research Project An estimated 1 in 5 American children under the age of 6 live below the poverty line. Growing up in a lower SES home has been associated with substantially worse health and impaired psychological, cognitive, and emotional development throughout the lifespan. Further, it is well established that socioeconomic disadvantage in early childhood is associated with a range of negative effects on later cognitive development and academic achievement. Although some studies have suggested that bilingualism may buffer the cognitive risk associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, others have claimed that differences in SES may attenuate any bilingual advantages found in cognitive skills. Very few studies have attempted to examine the independent and joint effects of SES and bilingualism on early cognitive development, and furthermore no study to date has examined this topic during infancy. Thus, the proposed studies will examine SES, multiple language exposure, and hypothesized pathways through which socioeconomic disparities contribute to individual variation in early memory development. The first study will examine SES disparities in newborn brain function across infants from monolingual and bilingual backgrounds. The second study will measure the home linguistic environment as a possible mediator between SES and memory. Finally, I will utilize both neural and behavioral measures to assess the associations between SES, home linguistic environment, maternal stress, and the development of memory over the first year of life. Disentangling the independent and interacting effects of SES and bilingualism on cognitive development is crucial for identifying mechanisms of risk and resilience, and possible interventions, for lower SES minority children.

项目概要/摘要 我的职业目标是领导一个跨学科研究小组，调查早期的影响 环境变化对认知发展和未来学业成功的影响。为获取具体的 为了实现这一目标，我需要进行培训，我提出了一个衡量社会经济地位（SES）、潜力的项目 调节因子、大脑功能和婴儿期记忆，以检查 SES 的机制 差异和双语既独立又共同影响发展轨迹。 具体来说，我和我未来的实验室将整合脑电图神经生理学测量和发育 心理学行为范式，以研究语言环境和压力的影响 来自不同 SES 背景的单语和双语婴儿的记忆。 迄今为止，我的培训为我在评估认知的行为范式方面奠定了坚实的基础 发展;我的职业发展计划扩展了这些方法，提供了必要的新培训 EEG/ERP 技术、压力测量以及低收入少数群体的数据收集。 因为我的目标是领导一个整合多种方法论来解决跨学科问题的实验室 儿童发展领域的问题，我作为一名独立研究者的成功取决于这些 技能。 研究项目 据估计，五分之一的美国 6 岁以下儿童生活在贫困线以下。成长于一个 社会经济地位较低的家庭与健康状况较差以及心理、认知、 以及整个生命周期的情感发展。此外，众所周知，社会经济 幼儿期的劣势与对以后认知发展的一系列负面影响有关 和学术成就。尽管一些研究表明双语可能会缓冲认知能力 与社会经济劣势相关的风险，其他人声称社会经济地位的差异可能会减弱 在认知技能方面发现的任何双语优势。很少有研究试图检验 SES 和双语对早期认知发展的独立和联合影响，而且没有 迄今为止的研究已经在婴儿期研究了这个主题。因此，拟议的研究将检验 SES、多重 语言接触以及社会经济差异造成的假设途径 早期记忆发展的个体差异。第一项研究将检查新生儿大脑中的社会经济地位差异 单语和双语背景的婴儿之间的功能。第二项研究将测量房屋 语言环境作为 SES 和记忆之间可能的中介。最后，我将利用神经网络和 评估社会经济地位、家庭语言环境、母亲压力、 以及生命第一年记忆力的发展。解开独立与互动的关系 SES 和双语对认知发展的影响对于识别风险和双语机制至关重要。 社会经济地位较低的少数群体儿童的复原力和可能的干预措施。

项目成果

Associations between Bilingualism and Memory Generalization During Infancy: Does Socioeconomic Status Matter?

• DOI: 10.1017/s1366728920000334
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)
• 作者: Brito NH;Greaves A;Leon-Santos A;Fifer WP;Noble KG
• 通讯作者: Noble KG

Maternal anxiety symptoms associated with increased behavioral synchrony in the early postnatal period.

产妇焦虑症状与产后早期行为同步性增加有关。

• DOI: 10.1111/infa.12473
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: INFANCY
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Lemus, Alejandra;Vogel, Sarah C.;Greaves, Ashley N.;Brito, Natalie H.
• 通讯作者: Brito, Natalie H.

Paid maternal leave is associated with infant brain function at 3 months of age.

• DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13765
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: CHILD DEVELOPMENT
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Brito, Natalie H.;Werchan, Denise;Brandes-Aitken, Annie;Yoshikawa, Hirokazu;Greaves, Ashley;Zhang, Maggie
• 通讯作者: Zhang, Maggie