Age Effects in Self-Reports: Answering Questions and Using Response Scales

自我报告中的年龄影响：回答问题和使用反应量表

基本信息

批准号：
9091393
负责人：
Arthur A Stone
金额：
$ 64.98万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-04-01 至 2019-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The collection of self-reported survey data for people of all ages is central for monitoring the health and wellbeing of the population. For some experiences, people's self-reports are the only way to acquire the information, e.g., pain, fatigue, and life satisfaction. Given the importance of self-reports, they need to be measured as precisely as possible. There are many considerations for obtaining accurate and comparable self-reports. We examine several factors that are likely to vary by age and influence respondents' interpretations of survey questions and their use of response scales. Such factors could lead to erroneous conclusions about aging and health. A series of five studies, utilizing a range of research techniques from laboratory-based methods to repeated, real-time data collection to Internet panel surveys, is proposed. They will examine age-specific effects (1) in frame-of-reference (the comparison standards people use in making ratings), (2) in the impact of prior questions on responses (context effects), (3) in the effect of recall period on responses (where longer recall periods may be associated with more bias), and (4) in the use of response scales (e.g., tendency to avoid extreme responses). Based on the results of prior studies, the last study will explore ways to improve self- report measurement. Overall, the aim of this application is to identify factors that could impede our ability to understand age-related differences in health and wellbeing, and to develop ways to mitigate those problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：为各个年龄段的人们收集自我报告的调查数据是监测人口健康和福祉的核心。对于某些经验，人们的自我报告是获取信息的唯一方法，例如痛苦，疲劳和生活满意度。鉴于自我报告的重要性，需要尽可能准确地衡量它们。有很多考虑获得准确且可比的自我报告。我们研究了几个可能因年龄而有所不同的因素，并影响受访者对调查问题的解释及其对响应量表的使用。这些因素可能会导致关于衰老和健康的错误结论。提出了一系列五项研究，利用从实验室方法到重复的实时数据收集到Internet面板调查的一系列研究技术。他们将检查特定年龄的效果（1）在参考框架框架（比较标准人在评级中使用的比较标准），（2）在先前问题对响应（上下文效果）的影响中，（3）在召回期对响应的影响（在召回期间的影响）中（在较长的召回期与更多偏见相关联）和（4）在使用响应量表中（例如，避免极端响应，避免极端响应）。根据先前研究的结果，最后一项研究将探索改善自我报告测量的方法。总体而言，该应用程序的目的是确定可能阻碍我们了解与年龄相关的健康和福祉差异的能力，并开发缓解这些问题的方法。