Depth-resolved Optical Imaging of Neural Action Potentials

神经动作电位的深度分辨光学成像

• 批准号: 8401905
• 负责人: TANER AKKIN
• 金额: $ 30.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-15 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8401905
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Anatomy; Area; Axon; Back; Birefringence; Caliber; Chemicals; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Dyes; Early Diagnosis; Electrophysiology (science); Emerging Technologies; Environment; Fiber; Fishes; Fluorescence; Functional Imaging; Goals; Gold; Image; Imaging Techniques; Imaging technology; Invertebrates; Investigation; Knowledge; Light; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Membrane; Methods; Minnesota; Mus; Nature; Nerve; Olfactory Nerve; Optical Coherence Tomography; Optics; Phase; Photons; Physiological; Physiology; Pike fish; Play; Preparation; Property; Reporting; Resolution; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Diseases; Role; Salamander; Saline; Side; Signal Transduction; Slice; Source; Squid; Staining method; Stains; Structure; Sucrose; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Visible Radiation; Water; Work; absorption; base; clinical application; detector; insight; light intensity; millisecond; multimodality; nanoparticle; novel; optical imaging; phase change; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; tool; transmission process; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As the development of new methods that directly assess neural activity becomes a pressing need, a variety of optical techniques is being investigated for imaging neural structure and function with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Recently, the emerging technology of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has allowed us to simultaneously detect action potential (AP) related phase changes at different depths from invertebrate axons on a millisecond time scale. We also utilized the technology for depth- localization of APs in axons stained with voltage-sensitive dyes, and constructed highly sensitivity polarization-sensitive systems for measuring retardance change during AP propagation. These techniques have the additional advantage of being less invasive than many other measurements, because they work in reflection geometry, which means the source and detector are on the same side of the nerve. The long term goal is to provide clinically useful noninvasive tests of nerve function. The overall objective of this project is to develop phase- and polarization-sensitive OCT techniques and contrast enhancement methods for depth-resolved imaging of neural activity in various preparations including squid giant axon, pike olfactory nerve, and salamander and mouse retinas. The objective includes development of insights about the nature and origin of the optically recorded signals. Presently, the mechanistic origins of the structural changes producing the optical signals are not known. The lack of knowledge hampers improvements in the assessment of neural activity. Furthermore, development of new techniques and contrasts is essential for scientific and clinical applications.

描述（由申请人提供）：随着开发直接评估神经活动的新方法成为迫切需要，正在研究各种光学技术以高时间和空间分辨率对神经结构和功能进行成像。最近，新兴的谱域光学相干断层扫描（OCT）技术使我们能够在毫秒时间尺度上同时检测无脊椎动物轴突不同深度的动作电位（AP）相关的相位变化。我们还利用该技术对电压敏感染料染色的轴突中的 AP 进行深度定位，并构建了高灵敏度的偏振敏感系统来测量 AP 传播过程中的延迟变化。这些技术具有比许多其他测量侵入性更小的额外优势，因为它们在反射几何中工作，这意味着源和探测器位于神经的同一侧。长期目标是提供临床上有用的神经功能无创测试。该项目的总体目标是开发相位和偏振敏感的 OCT 技术和对比度增强方法，用于对各种制剂中的神经活动进行深度分辨成像，包括鱿鱼巨轴突、梭子鱼嗅神经、蝾螈和小鼠视网膜。目标包括深入了解光学记录信号的性质和起源。目前，产生光信号的结构变化的机械起源尚不清楚。知识的缺乏阻碍了神经活动评估的改进。此外，新技术和对比的开发对于科学和临床应用至关重要。