Neural ensembles underlying natural tracking behavior

自然跟踪行为背后的神经集合

• 批准号: 9012581
• 负责人: Ila R. Fiete
• 金额: $ 107.21万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9012581
• 关键词: Address; Afferent Neurons; Animals; Area; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Biological Models; Brain; Calcium; Callithrix; Cereals; Cognitive; Communities; Complex; Data; Data Analyses; Electrophysiology (science); Esthesia; Eye Movements; Functional disorder; Genetic; Genomics; Image; Implant; Light; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Mammals; Measures; Mental Health; Modeling; Motion; Neocortex; Neurons; Neurosciences; Physiological; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Primates; Protocols documentation; Records; Reporter; Research Personnel; Resolution; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Smooth Pursuit; System; Testing; Time; Universities; Visual; area MT; austin; base; cell type; extracellular; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; frontal eye fields; improved; insight; interest; member; neural circuit; neurophysiology; optogenetics; public health relevance; pursuit tracking; relating to nervous system; sensory input; success; two-photon

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The system that controls smooth pursuit eye movements is one of the most accessible, promising systems for understanding how neural circuits transform sensory inputs into actions. Pursuit is a natural, ecologically- relevant behavir that allows primates to track moving objects of interest in the visual world. Now-classical analyses relating neural activity to behavior have already provided insights about the systems-level functions and computations of the pursuit circuit that perhaps exceed our understanding of all other voluntary behaviors in mammals. Despite these successes, there are large gaps in our understanding of the pursuit system. We seek a new level in understanding the circuit by measuring and manipulating the activity of large populations of identified neurons in the key sensory and prefrontal cortical areas. We intend to address how different neuronal types function during pursuit, how they implement systems-level computations within micro- and meso-circuits, and how control centers select the appropriate sensory data given cognitive factors. These questions, although stated in the context of the pursuit system, are instances of the more general problem of how population activity in large numbers of sensory neurons is parsed and converted into appropriate behaviors. The time is now ripe to take advantage of several technical and conceptual revolutions: Specifically, we propose to study the neural basis of pursuit eye movements in marmosets, in which cortical areas responsible for motion sensation and target selection are easily accessed and for which genomic toolboxes are being generated. We will investigate the functional circuitry at multiple scales using a combination of 2-photon calcium imaging and large-scale extracellular array electrophysiology, cell-type identification and optogenetic perturbation, and dynamical systems modeling.

 描述（由适用提供）：控制平滑追随眼动的系统是了解神经回路如何将感觉输入转化为动作的最易于访问的承诺系统之一。追求是一种自然，与生态相关的行为，允许私人跟踪视觉世界中感兴趣的对象。如今，神经元活动与行为有关的古典分析已经提供了有关系统级别功能和追踪电路的计算的见解，这些功能和计算可能超出了我们对哺乳动物中所有其他自愿行为的理解。尽管取得了这些成功，但我们对追求系统的理解仍有很大的差距。我们通过测量和操纵关键感觉和前额叶皮质区域中识别神经元的大量人群的活性来寻求新的理解电路。我们打算解决在追踪过程中不同的神经元类型的功能，它们如何在微电路和中循环中实现系统级计算，以及控制中心如何选择给定认知因素的适当感觉数据。这些问题虽然在追求系统的背景下提到，但它是一个更普遍的问题，即如何将大量感觉神经元中的人群活动解析并转化为适当的行为。现在，利用几种技术和概念上的革命已经成熟了：具体来说，我们建议研究摩尔莫斯群岛中追捕眼运动的神经元基础，在该基因组中，负责运动感觉和目标选择的皮质区域很容易访问，并为哪些基因组工具箱进行了生成。我们将使用2光子钙成像和大规模细胞外阵列电生理学，细胞类型鉴定和光遗传学扰动以及动态系统建模的组合在多个尺度上研究功能电路。