Early Brain Development in One and Two Year Olds

一岁和两岁儿童的早期大脑发育

• 批准号: 8789370
• 负责人: JOHN Horace GILMORE
• 金额: $ 60.48万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8789370
• 关键词: 1 year old; 2 year old; 6 year old; Accounting; Age; Anterior; Area; Autistic Disorder; Birth; Brain; Child; Childhood; Cognitive; Cohort Studies; Data; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Dorsal; Early Intervention; Funding; Grant; Growth; Health; Human; Image Analysis; Individual; Individual Differences; Infant; Inferior; Intelligence; Knowledge; Lateral; Life; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mental disorders; Modeling; Motor; Neonatal; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neuronal Plasticity; Outcome; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Phase; Play; Predictive Value; Prefrontal Cortex; Research; Role; Scanning; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Severities; Sex Characteristics; Short-Term Memory; Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Surface; Thick; Time; Tissues; age related; base; brain behavior; cingulate gyrus; cognitive ability; cognitive development; cognitive function; cohort; critical period; early childhood; follow-up; gray matter; improved; innovation; neonate; novel; postnatal; prenatal; prevent; rapid growth; regional difference; statistics; tool; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The first years of life are the most dynamic and perhaps the most critical phase of postnatal brain development. Abnormalities in early childhood brain development have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia, though very little is known about this crucial time period. In the previous grant cycle, we studied brain development in a unique cohort of normal children longitudinally followed and scanned at birth, 1 and 2 years of age, including 386 neonates, 297 one year olds and 251 two year olds. In addition, we have developed the innovative image analysis tools necessary to study brain development in very young children. Our studies found rapid gray matter development and white matter maturation in the first 2 years of life, with marked regional differences in the cortex and in white matter tracts, consistent with temporal patterns of sensory/motor and higher integrative function development. We also found significant relationships between white matter maturation and working memory. Preliminary data indicates that regional gray matter volume and white matter tract diffusivity in neonates is predictive of subsequent gray matter volume and white matter structure at ages 1 and 2 years. These findings indicate that neonatal brain structure, reflective of prenatal brain development and the rapid growth trajectories of the first two years of life, likely play an important role in longer trm outcome. In this competitive renewal, we will extend follow-up of our cohort to 6 years of age and focus on structure/function relationships and the predictive value of early brain structure for later childhood brain structure and cognitive function. MRIs, including structural and diffusion tensor imaging, will be done at ages 1, 2, 4, and 6 years. Cognitive development, including general cognitive function and working memory will also be assessed. Developmental trajectories of cortical gray matter (including cortical thickness and surface area) and white matter (including tract-based spatial statistics and quantitative tractography) will be studied. We predict that neonatal brain structure and developmental trajectories in the first two years of life are critical for, and predictive of, subsequent structural and cognitive development. Relevance New knowledge gained in this study will provide a dramatically improved framework for understanding abnormalities of early childhood brain development in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia and will provide the fundamental information critical for developing preventative strategies for these disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：生命的第一年是产后大脑发育的最动态，也许是最关键的阶段。儿童早期大脑发育的异常与神经发育障碍有关，包括自闭症和精神分裂症，尽管对这个关键时期知之甚少。在上一个赠款周期中，我们研究了一个独特的正常儿童，纵向跟随并在出生时进行扫描，1岁和2岁，其中包括386名新生儿，297名一岁和251岁的孩子。此外，我们开发了研究很小的孩子大脑发育所需的创新图像分析工具。我们的研究发现，生命的前两年中，灰质的发展和白质成熟度，皮质和白质区域的区域差异显着，与感觉/运动的时间模式以及较高的整合功能发展一致。我们还发现了白质成熟与工作记忆之间的显着关系。初步数据表明，新生儿的区域灰质体积和白质区域扩散率可预测1岁和2岁的随后的灰质体积和白质结构。这些发现表明，新生儿的大脑结构反映了产前大脑发育和生命前两年的快速生长轨迹，可能在较长的TRM结局中起重要作用。在这种竞争性更新中，我们将将队列的随访扩展到6岁，并专注于结构/功能关系以及早期大脑结构的预测价值 后来的儿童大脑结构和认知功能。 MRI，包括结构和扩散张量成像，将在1年，2、4和6岁时完成。认知发展（包括一般认知功能和工作记忆）也将得到评估。将研究皮质灰质（包括皮质厚度和表面积）和白质（包括基于道的空间统计和定量拖拉术）的发育轨迹。我们 预测生命的头两年中的新生儿大脑结构和发育轨迹 对随后的结构和认知发展至关重要，并预测。在本研究中获得的新知识将为理解自闭症和精神分裂症等神经发育疾病的幼儿脑发育异常提供一个极大的改进框架，并将为制定这些疾病的预防策略至关重要。