Early Brain Development in Twins

双胞胎的早期大脑发育

基本信息

批准号：
9329592
负责人：
JOHN Horace GILMORE
金额：
$ 2.12万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2017-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9329592
关键词：
12 year old 4 year old 6 year old 9 year old Adolescence Adolescent Adult Age Anisotropy Area Autistic Disorder Base of the Brain Behavior Birth Brain Child Childhood Cognition Cognitive Coupling Development Developmental Process Diffusion Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Disease Early Intervention Enrollment Environment Environmental Risk Factor Functional Imaging Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Genes Genetic Genetic Models Genetic study Goals Health Heritability Human Individual Differences Intervention Knowledge Language Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Mental disorders Methodology Modeling National Institute of Mental Health Neonatal Neurocognitive Neurodevelopmental Disorder Outcome Pathogenesis Phenotype Prevention strategy Property Reporting Research Research Domain Criteria Rest Risk Role Schizophrenia Short-Term Memory Structure Surface Testing Thick Thinness Time Twin Multiple Birth Twin Studies Variant brain abnormalities cognitive development cognitive function cohort cost critical period early childhood environmental intervention experience genetic predictors gray matter improved innovation neuropsychiatric disorder novel prenatal public health relevance rapid growth white matter

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Twin studies have provided fundamental information about how genes and environment contribute to individual differences in brain structure and cognitive function in health and psychiatric disease and how these influences change during development. Previous twin studies in older children, adolescents and adults indicate that genetic and environmental influences are region/structure specific and change with age. Early childhood is period of rapid structural and functional brain development that is implicated in the pathogenesis of many psychiatric disorders. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand the role of genetic and environmental contributions to brain structure and function in this crucial period of development. The Early Brain Development in Twins study has been the first, and to our knowledge the only, twin study of early childhood brain development. To date we have enrolled and studied over 275 twin pairs, at birth, 1, 2, 4, and 6 years and provided novel and previously unknown information about genetic and environmental influences on brain development in early childhood. In the next funding cycle, we propose to complete our twin study of early childhood brain development by following the current cohort to age 6. MRIs, including structural, diffusion tensor, and resting state functional imaging, will be done at ages , 4, and 6 years. Cognitive development, including RDoC constructs of language and working memory will be assessed. Additional innovations for this funding cycle include the application of a recently developed methodology for delineating cortical thickness and surface area in very young children, and the addition of resting state fMRI. Knowledge gained in this study will improve our basic understanding of human brain development, allow us to determine how modifiable abnormal developmental trajectories associated with risk for psychiatric disease may be, and help us determine when in development early interventions would have the greatest impact. Relevance New knowledge gained in this study will provide a dramatically improved framework for understanding genetic and environmental influences on early childhood brain development, a period of risk for many neuropsychiatric disorders and will provide the fundamental information critical for developing preventative strategies for these disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：双胞胎研究提供了关于基因和环境如何影响健康和精神疾病中大脑结构和认知功能的个体差异以及这些影响在发育过程中如何变化的基本信息。成人表明，遗传和环境的影响具有区域/结构特异性，并且随着年龄的增长而变化。幼儿期是大脑结构和功能快速发育的时期，与许多精神疾病的发病机制有关，因此，迫切需要了解其作用。遗传和环境对大脑结构的贡献据我们所知，双胞胎早期大脑发育研究是第一个、也是唯一一个针对儿童早期大脑发育的双胞胎研究，迄今为止，我们已经招募并研究了超过 275 对出生时的双胞胎。、1、2、4 和 6 年，并提供了有关遗传和环境对儿童早期大脑发育影响的新颖且以前未知的信息。在下一个资助周期中，我们建议按照以下方法完成我们的儿童早期大脑发育双胞胎研究。当前队列年龄为 6 岁。 MRI，包括结构、扩散张量和静息态功能成像，将在 4 岁和 6 岁时进行。认知发展，包括语言和工作记忆的 RDoC 结构将被评估，该资助周期的其他创新包括应用程序。最近开发的一种描绘幼儿皮质厚度和表面积的方法，以及在这项研究中获得的静息态功能磁共振成像知识，将提高我们对人类大脑发育的基本了解，使我们能够确定如何改变发育异常。与精神疾病风险相关的轨迹可能是，并帮助我们确定发育中的早期干预何时会产生最大的影响。相关性这项研究中获得的新知识将为理解遗传和环境对儿童早期大脑发育的影响提供一个显着改进的框架。许多神经精神疾病的风险期，将为制定这些疾病的预防策略提供至关重要的基本信息。