Signal Processing in the Inner Retina

视网膜内层的信号处理

• 批准号: 8991065
• 负责人: Steven H DeVries
• 金额: $ 49.21万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-07 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8991065
• 关键词: Address; Age of Onset; Allatostatin; Amacrine Cells; Cell Shape; Cells; Characteristics; Color; Complex; Cone; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Disease; Ganglia; Genetic; Goals; Health; Individual; Kinetics; Light; Maps; Measures; Monitor; Morphology; Mus; Noise; Output; Pattern; Physiological; Process; Property; Rabies virus; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Signal Transduction; Site; Spermophilus; Stimulus; Stream; Sum; Surface; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Techniques; Testing; Tracer; Viral; Vision; Visual; Whole-Cell Recordings; Work; base; cell type; feeding; ganglion cell; neurotransmission; object motion; optogenetics; photoreceptor degeneration; postsynaptic; presynaptic; presynaptic neurons; promoter; receptive field; recombinase; research study; response; retinal rods; signal processing; spatiotemporal; voltage; voltage clamp

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The mammalian retina contains at least 15-20 types of retinal ganglion cells each tuned to respond best to different and sometimes complex features in a visual scene. Together, these diverse ganglion cell responses provide us with all of the information that we use to navigate in the visual world. Each type of retinal ganglion cell monitors a patch on the retinal surface, its receptive field, by collecting inputs from presynaptic bipolar and amacrine cells of which there are more than 12 and 30 types, respectively. While the general patterns of amacrine and bipolar cell connectivity that contribute to he ganglion cell light response are known, the daunting complexity of the IPL has impeded our understanding of the specific connections that underlie the tuning properties that distinguish the ganglion cell types. We have developed a toolbox of optogenetic and virally-based techniques that will enable us to trace and functionally characterize the connections between bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in both the rod dominant mouse and cone dominant ground squirrel retinas. In three specific aims, our goals are to: 1) test the hypothesis that ganglio cells obtain different temporal light responses, in part, by summing the excitatory inputs of bipolar cells with different temporal responses. 2) test the hypothesis that ganglion cells obtain direct input from different types of amacrine cells with different temporal properties and, 3) determine the functional connections and the role in vision of a specific amacrine cell type that expresses cre recombinase under the control of the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) promoter. Our work will define the wiring and functions of specific inner retinal circuits i health, and provide the background for understanding circuit changes that are known to occur following photoreceptor degeneration, whether from genetic or age-onset disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：哺乳动物的视网膜包含至少15-20种视网膜神经节细胞，每个视网膜神经节细胞都对视觉场景中的不同，有时甚至是复杂的特征做出反应。 这些多样化的神经节细胞响应共同为我们提供了我们在视觉世界中导航的所有信息。 每种类型的视网膜神经节细胞通过收集突触前的输入来监测视网膜表面（其感受场）的斑块 两极和无长熟细胞分别有12种和30种类型。虽然已知有助于神经节细胞响应的无长血和双极细胞连接的一般模式，但IPL的令人生畏 神经节细胞类型。 我们已经开发了一种基于光遗传学和病毒的​​技术的工具箱，该工具箱将使我们能够追踪并在功能上表征杆，杆状小鼠和锥形圆锥形占主导地位的地下松鼠视网膜中双极，无链氨酸和神经节细胞之间的连接。 在三个具体目标中，我们的目标是：1）检验以下假设：神经节细胞在某种程度上通过求和具有不同时间响应的双极细胞的兴奋性输入来获得不同的时间光反应。 2）测试神经节细胞从具有不同时间特性和，，以及， 3）确定在皮质激素释放激素（CRH）启动子的控制下表达CRE重组酶的特定双氨基细胞类型的视觉中的功能连接和作用。 我们的工作将定义特定内部视网膜电路I健康的接线和功能，并为理解电路变化提供了背景 无论是从遗传性疾病还是年龄发作疾病中，都发生在感光受体变性之后。