Genetic regulation of ovariole development in Drosophila

果蝇卵巢发育的遗传调控

• 批准号: 9067823
• 负责人: Cassandra G Extavour
• 金额: $ 41.32万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-08 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9067823
• 关键词: Animals; Anterior; Biomedical Research; Cell Count; Cell Proliferation; Cell Size; Cells; Child; Congenital Abnormality; Data; Defect; Development; Developmental Process; Disease; Drosophila genus; Educational process of instructing; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Ensure; Fertility; Fertility Determinant; Fetal Development; Filament; Future; Gene Targeting; Genes; Genetic; Genetic study; Germ Cells; Goals; Gonadal structure; Growth; Health; Human; Lead; Life; Light; Link; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of ovary; Molecular; Morphogenesis; Mothers; Mutation; Organ; Organ Size; Output; Ovarian; Ovary; Pathway interactions; Play; Population Genetics; Population Sizes; Process; Proliferating; Quantitative Genetics; RNA Interference; Regulation; Reporting; Reproductive Health; Reproductive system; Research; Role; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Somatic Cell; Specific qualifier value; Staging; Sterility; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Tissues; Work; blastomere structure; cell growth; cell type; egg; fly; gonad function; member; migration; novel; ovarian neoplasm; precursor cell; programs; reproductive; reproductive function; reproductive success; sex; sperm cell; transcriptome; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reproductive success of all animals depends on the development and function of the gonads, which are responsible for producing and delivering eggs and sperm. Among humans, ovarian integrity and output are key determinants of health, fertility and fecundity. Understanding how animals regulate ovarian development is therefore critical to advance biomedical research. The cells that will become the ovary are first set aside in embryonic development in both humans and fruit flies. They then proliferate throughout fetal development in humans, and larval development in flies. Germ cells, which will go on to produce eggs and sperm, also proliferate during this time, in close contact with the somatic cells of the ovary. It is thought that germ cell and somatic cell proliferation are coordinated, but the detailsof this coordination are poorly understood. Incorrect proliferation of either cell type can lead to tumors and ovarian cancer, which often cause sterility in humans. It is therefore clear that the coordination of growth in different ovarian cell types is a critical determinant of fertility and reproductive health, but we do not know how this growth is regulated so that the proper number of each cell type is achieved. The specific Aims of this project are (1) to understand the developmental processes that cells undergo during early ovarian development; (2) to understand the role in this process of a signaling pathway called the Hippo pathway, which is strongly implicated in many human cancers; (3) to understand how the Hippo pathway interacts with other genes to direct ovarian development. For the first Aim, we have compared ovarian development in fly species with very different ovariole numbers. This has taught us that there are two critical stages of development that future work should be focused on: first, the earliest stages of embryogenesis when cells are first set aside; and second, the later period when these cells proliferate to create the correct number of cells needed to make ovarioles. For our second Aim, we will investigate how the Hippo pathway functions during normal ovarian development. Mutations in Hippo pathway genes are linked to several types of human cancers, including cancers of the ovary and reproductive system in humans. Finally, for our third Aim, we examine the other potential signaling and growth genes that the Hippo pathway interacts with to direct ovarian development. This has clear relevance to human health, since several reproductive disorders and cancers are associated with defective Hippo signaling. Understanding more about the role of Hippo signaling in normal ovarian development is thus an important priority in our research.

描述（由申请人提供）：所有动物的繁殖成功取决于性腺的发育和功能，性腺负责产生和输送卵子和精子。在人类中，卵巢的完整性和产量是健康、生育力和生育能力的关键决定因素。因此，了解动物如何调节卵巢发育对于推进生物医学研究至关重要。在人类和果蝇的胚胎发育过程中，首先会形成卵巢的细胞。然后它们在人类胎儿发育和果蝇幼虫发育过程中增殖。将继续产生卵子和精子的生殖细胞也在这段时间内增殖，与卵巢的体细胞密切接触。人们认为生殖细胞和体细胞的增殖是协调的，但人们对这种协调的细节知之甚少。任何一种细胞类型的不正确增殖都会导致肿瘤和卵巢癌，这通常会导致人类不育。因此，很明显，不同卵巢细胞类型的生长协调是生育力和生殖健康的关键决定因素，但我们不知道如何调节这种生长，以便达到每种细胞类型的适当数量。该项目的具体目标是（1）了解细胞在早期卵巢发育过程中经历的发育过程； (2) 了解称为 Hippo 通路的信号通路在这一过程中的作用，该通路与许多人类癌症密切相关； (3)了解Hippo通路如何与其他基因相互作用来指导卵巢发育。对于第一个目标，我们比较了卵巢数量差异很大的果蝇物种的卵巢发育。这告诉我们，未来的工作应该重点关注发育的两个关键阶段：第一，胚胎发生的最早阶段，此时细胞首先被搁置；第二，胚胎发生的早期阶段。其次，后期这些细胞增殖以产生形成卵巢所需的正确数量的细胞。对于我们的第二个目标，我们将研究 Hippo 通路在正常卵巢发育过程中如何发挥作用。 Hippo 途径基因的突变与多种人类癌症有关，包括人类卵巢癌和生殖系统癌症。最后，对于我们的第三个目标，我们检查了 Hippo 途径与之相互作用以指导卵巢发育的其他潜在信号传导和生长基因。这与人类健康有着明显的相关性，因为一些生殖疾病和癌症与河马信号传导缺陷有关。因此，更多地了解 Hippo 信号在正常卵巢发育中的作用是我们研究的一个重要优先事项。