PROCESSING OTHER PEOPLE'S REWARDS

处理其他人的奖励

• 批准号: 8661297
• 负责人: Antonio Rangel
• 金额: $ 33.48万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8661297
• 关键词: Address; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Animals; Anterior; Area; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Cereals; Charities; Child; Code; Data; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Dimensions; Disease; Emotional; Empathy; Epilepsy; Face; Familiarity; Food; Frontotemporal Dementia; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Gender; Human; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Investigation; Juice; Learning; Link; Measures; Mental disorders; Mind; Monkeys; Neurobiology; Neurons; Outcome; Parietal; Pathology; Patients; Performance; Persons; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Resolution; Rewards; Sample Size; Self-control as a personality trait; Signal Transduction; Social Behavior; Social Distance; Social Environment; Stimulus; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Time; Translating; Ventral Striatum; Work; base; cognitive control; computer framework; emotion regulation; experience; human subject; interest; neuromechanism; psychologic; psychopathic personality; relating to nervous system; research study; segregation; social; theories; trait

This Project investigates how the brain computes the values that rewards have for other people. While the prior two Projects study social decision-making that is based on the value that stimuli have for the person making the decision, this Project 3 studies decisions about the values rewards have for another person. Examples include altruistic behaviors, such as sacrificing food for a child or giving a donation to charity, but also encompass strategic and manipulative behaviors, such as a car salesman's need to figure out how much a customer might value a used car. These abilities are related to empathy and theory-of-mind, likely rare in other animals, and feature pronounced individual differences that can merge into pathology in mental illnesses such as autism. This Project will use the same computational framework as in Project 1, dissecting the neural signals that correlate with the value of decisions benefiting others at the time of choice, and with the values of the outcomes of those decisions (seeing somebody else get a benefit as a consequence of your decision). Only a handful of studies have addressed this topic, yet like the observational learning topic of Project 2 it is ubiquitous in human behavior. This Project continues our multimodal approach, using both fMRI and electrophysiological recordings, and investigating both humans and monkeys. Two Specific Aims compare the neural mechanisms behind processing decision values and experienced values for oneself, or for another person. A third Aim investigates how these mechanisms may be modulated by social context: if the other person is a stranger or familiar, or if they are judged to be deserving or not, and if the subject herself is being watched by others or not. A final fourth Aim leverages the data from Core 3 in an exploratory investigation of individual differences.

该项目调查了大脑如何计算奖励对他人的价值。虽然前两个项目研究了基于刺激对做出决定的人的价值的社会决策，但该项目3研究了有关奖励对他人的价值观的决策。例子包括利他行为，例如为儿童牺牲食物或向慈善机构捐款，还包括战略性和操纵性行为，例如汽车推销员需要弄清楚客户可能对二手车的重视程度。这些能力与同理心和心理理论有关，在其他动物中可能很少见，并且具有明显的个体差异，可以合并为自闭症等精神疾病的病理学。该项目将使用与项目1中相同的计算框架，解剖与选择在选择时使其他人受益的价值以及这些决定结果的价值相关的神经信号（看到其他人的决定是您的决定，其他人会受益）。只有少数研究解决了这个主题，但是就像项目2的观察性学习主题一样，它在人类的行为中无处不在。 该项目继续使用fMRI和电生理记录，并研究人类和猴子。两个具体的目的比较了处理决策价值观背后的神经机制和对自己或他人的经验价值观。第三个目标调查了如何通过社会环境调节这些机制：如果对方是陌生人或熟悉的人，或者是否被认为是否值得应得的，以及是否受到他人的看法。最后的第四个目标利用了Core 3的数据进行探索性研究。