Risk of Influenza Infection In A Vaccinated Obese Population

接种疫苗的肥胖人群感染流感的风险

• 批准号: 8447408
• 负责人: Melinda A. Beck
• 金额: $ 54.49万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8447408
• 关键词: Adult; African American; American; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigens; CD8B1 gene; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Clinical Research; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes; Data; Disease Outbreaks; Drops; Effectiveness; Elderly; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidemic; Failure; Goals; Grant; Health Status; Hospitalization; Immune System Diseases; Immune response; Immune system; Individual; Infection; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza vaccination; Measures; Memory; Morbidity - disease rate; Obesity; Overweight; Persons; Population; Population Study; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; ST14 gene; Seasons; Study Subject; Symptoms; T cell response; T-Lymphocyte; Time; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Weight; aging population; base; demographics; design; disorder prevention; flu; influenza virus vaccine; influenzavirus; insight; mortality; pandemic disease; pandemic influenza; pathogen; prevent; programs; response; seasonal influenza

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Infection with influenza virus is responsible for a great deal of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In non-pandemic years, 10-20% of the population in the US is infected with influenza virus. In any given year, more than 120,000 persons are hospitalized and 36,000 Americans die from influenza and influenza-related complications. In the case of an influenza pandemic, each of these measures of morbidity and mortality would greatly increase. With the recent report that pandemic H1N1 influenza causes increased morbidity and mortality in an obese population, it is extremely important to determine if obese individuals are at an increased risk for influenza vaccine failure. Our preliminary data demonstrates that obese individuals have a steeper drop influenza specific antibody over time following vaccination compared with healthy weight individuals. In addition, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+) from obese individuals have a poorer response to influenza antigen stimulation in comparison with healthy weight individuals. This application is designed to determine if the obese population will have a higher rate of influenza infection and more severe symptoms when compared with healthy weight vaccinated individuals The elderly population has a higher rate of vaccine failure compared to a younger population, and many of the immune dysfunctions seen in the elderly (reduced antibody responses, impaired T cell reactivity) have also been found in the obese. This suggests that, similar to an aging population, an obese population may not respond adequately to flu vaccination. Our study will answer the following questions relating to vaccine responsiveness in an obese population: Does influenza vaccination fail to protect obese individuals from influenza infection to the same degree as healthy weight individuals? How rapidly does the antibody titer drop over time in a vaccinated obese population? What is the mechanistic basis for the diminished CD8 T cell response to vaccination in an obese individual? If we determine that obesity is associated with an impaired immune response to influenza vaccination and decreased protection against influenza infection, this would suggest that we need to re-evaluate our vaccination program, not only for influenza, but perhaps for other pathogens as well, in an increasingly obese US population.

描述（由申请人提供）：流感病毒感染是导致全世界大量发病和死亡的原因。在非大流行年份，美国有10-20%的人口感染流感病毒。每年都有超过 120,000 人住院，36,000 名美国人死于流感和流感相关并发症。在流感大流行的情况下，发病率和死亡率的每一项指标都会大大增加。最近有报告称，大流行性 H1N1 流感导致肥胖人群的发病率和死亡率增加，因此确定肥胖人群接种流感疫苗失败的风险是否增加极为重要。我们的初步数据表明，与健康体重的个体相比，肥胖个体在接种疫苗后随着时间的推移，流感特异性抗体的下降幅度更大。此外，与健康体重个体相比，肥胖个体的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CD8+）对流感抗原刺激的反应较差。该应用程序旨在确定与健康体重的接种疫苗的个体相比，肥胖人群是否会出现更高的流感感染率和更严重的症状。 与年轻人相比，老年人群的疫苗失败率更高，并且许多免疫接种者的疫苗失败率更高。老年人中出现的功能障碍（抗体反应减少、T 细胞反应性受损）也出现在肥胖人群中。这表明，与人口老龄化类似，肥胖人群可能对流感疫苗反应不充分。我们的研究将回答以下与肥胖人群中疫苗反应相关的问题：流感疫苗接种是否无法像健康体重个体那样保护肥胖个体免受流感感染？在接种疫苗的肥胖人群中，抗体滴度随时间下降的速度有多快？肥胖个体中 CD8 T 细胞对疫苗接种反应减弱的机制基础是什么？如果我们确定肥胖与流感疫苗接种的免疫反应受损以及对流感感染的保护作用降低有关，这将表明我们需要重新评估我们的疫苗接种计划，不仅针对流感，而且可能还针对其他病原体。美国人口日益肥胖。