Training-Induced Plasticity in Human Motor and Sensory Systems

训练引起的人类运动和感觉系统的可塑性

• 批准号: 8603861
• 负责人: DAVID J OSTRY
• 金额: $ 61.2万
• 依托单位: HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-08 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8603861
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Area; Brain; Cephalic; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Electroencephalography; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Human; Image; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Link; Literature; Magnetism; Maps; Measures; Modification; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Movement; Nervous system structure; Neurological rehabilitation; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurorehabilitation; Neurosciences; Pathway interactions; Perceptual learning; Positioning Attribute; Psychophysics; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Rest; Sensory; Somatosensory Evoked Potentials; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Work; base; behavior measurement; behavior test; direct application; functional improvement; improved; interest; motor learning; motor skill learning; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; public health relevance; sensorimotor system; sensory system; somatosensory; Address; Adult; Affect; Area; Brain; Cephalic; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Electroencephalography; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Human; Image; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Link; Literature; Magnetism; Maps; Measures; Modification; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Movement; Nervous system structure; Neurological rehabilitation; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurorehabilitation; Neurosciences; Pathway interactions; Perceptual learning; Positioning Attribute; Psychophysics; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Rest; Sensory; Somatosensory Evoked Potentials; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Work; base; behavior measurement; behavior test; direct application; functional improvement; improved; interest; motor learning; motor skill learning; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; public health relevance; sensorimotor system; sensory system; somatosensory

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Research on plasticity in motor systems has for the most part developed separately from work on sensory plasticity, as if training-induced changes to the brain affected each of these systems in isolation. The planned studies explore the idea that influences of learning are more extensive, and in the sensorimotor system, spread from motor to somatosensory areas of the brain and vice versa. The proposed studies will systematically explore two hypotheses about neuroplasticity: (1) that motor learning changes perceptual function and the function of somatosensory areas of the brain, and (2) that somatosensory training changes both motor function and motor areas of the brain. Our plan is to address the effects of motor learning on sensory systems and of somatosensory perceptual training on motor systems by using a cohesive approach that is similar for both hypotheses and combines psychophysical, neurophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. With respect to the first hypothesis, we will conduct behavioral tests of the idea that motor learning and perceptual change have a similar time course and that after motor learning, movements follow altered perceptual boundaries. We will use fMRI resting-state functional connectivity analyses to test the idea that motor learning is associated with changes to sensory areas of the brain and these changes are linked to behavioral measures of learning and perceptual change. We will test for cortical changes in sensory function by using electroencephalography (EEG) to record somatosensory evoked-potentials (SEPs) and relate changes in SEPs to measures of motor learning. For the second hypothesis, we will conduct behavioral tests of the idea that somatosensory perceptual training improves the rate of motor learning and produces persistent changes in movement that can be measured for periods of up to one week. We will use resting state imaging to test the idea that somatosensory training strengthens functional connectivity bilaterally in motor areas of the brain. We will use trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to test for changes associated with somatosensory training in the excitability of primary motor cortex. The ability to quantify changes to brain plasticity that accompany both somatosensory training and motor learning may permit a better understanding of the broader effects of neurological rehabilitation on sensorimotor disorders. Imaging the sensory and motor networks of the brain that are associated with both somatosensory and motor learning may also lead to better diagnoses and tracking of brain neuroplasticity during therapy.

描述（由申请人提供）：关于电机系统中可塑性的研究大部分都与感觉可塑性的工作不同，就好像训练引起的对大脑的变化是孤立地影响了每个系统的。计划的研究探讨了学习的影响更广泛，在感觉运动系统中，从运动传播到大脑的体感地区，反之亦然。拟议的研究将系统地探讨有关神经可塑性的两个假设：（1）运动学习改变了脑体感知区域的感知功能和功能，以及（2）体感训练会改变大脑的运动功能和运动区域。我们的计划是通过使用对假设相似的凝聚力方法来解决运动系统对运动系统和体感感知训练的影响，并结合了心理学，神经生理学和神经影像学技术。关于第一个假设，我们将进行行为测试，即运动学习和感知变化具有相似的时间过程，并且在运动学习之后，运动遵循改变的感知边界。我们将使用fMRI静止状态功能连接分析来测试运动学习与大脑感觉区域变化相关的想法，这些变化与学习和知觉变化的行为量度有关。我们将通过使用脑电图（EEG）记录体感诱发的电势（SEP）来测试感觉功能的皮质变化，并将SEP的变化与运动学习的测量相关联。对于第二个假设，我们将进行行为测试，即体感觉感知训练可以提高运动学习率，并产生运动持续变化，该运动可以测量长达一周的时间。我们将使用静止状态成像来测试体感训练在大脑运动区域双侧增强功能连通性的想法。我们将使用经颅磁刺激（TMS）来测试与初级运动皮层兴奋性中与体感训练相关的变化。量化伴随体感训练和运动学习的大脑可塑性变化的能力可能会更好地理解神经系统康复对感官疾病的更广泛影响。成像与体感和运动学习相关的大脑的感觉和运动网络也可能导致治疗过程中更好的诊断和跟踪脑神经可塑性。