Neural Mechanisms of Behavior Change in a Community Sample of Drinkers

社区饮酒者样本行为改变的神经机制

• 批准号: 8823422
• 负责人: Eric D Claus
• 金额: $ 67万
• 依托单位: THE MIND RESEARCH NETWORK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-25 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8823422
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Amygdaloid structure; Animals; Anterior; Attention; Behavior Control; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Cognitive; Communities; Complement; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Development; Empirical Research; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Heavy Drinking; Human; Individual; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Lateral; Lead; Learning; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetoencephalography; Maintenance; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Play; Population; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Psychosocial Assessment and Care; Randomized Clinical Trials; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Relative (related person); Research; Resolution; Rest; Rewards; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Severities; Social support; Stimulus; Stress; Techniques; Time; Visit; Work; addiction; alcohol cue; alcohol use disorder; base; behavior change; behavioral response; behavioral study; cognitive control; comparison group; coping; craving; cue reactivity; drinking; drinking behavior; effective therapy; improved; insight; longitudinal design; meetings; neural circuit; neural correlate; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; primary outcome; psychologic; psychosocial; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; stress reactivity; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although there has been intense study of pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for alcohol use disorders, up to 75% of individuals meeting criteria for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) never seek formal treatment for their drinking. However, a large proportion of these non-treatment seeking individuals are able to reduce their drinking or even quit drinking on their own. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms of behavior change (MOBC) among people who self-change in the absence of treatment may provide some key insights into the most critical change mechanisms that could become potential targets for intervention development. While the amount of behavioral/psychosocial research on MOBC in self-changers has increased over the past decade, there has been a notable absence of research examining the neurocognitive mechanisms that contribute to behavior change. A significant body of animal and human work has investigated the neural correlates of the development and maintenance of AUDs, but there is a dearth of literature on AUD recovery. Cross-sectional research has found that networks involved in alcohol cue reactivity and stress reactivity appear to become more engaged with greater AUD severity, and those networks involved in cognitive control tend to decrease with increased AUD severity. Thus, it could be expected that as drinking quantity/frequency and AUD severity decrease, there may be a reversal of these changes. While some cross-sectional neuroimaging research suggests that recovery of function does occur after long-term abstinence, to date there is a lack of studies investigating change in functional brain response longitudinally. To address this gap, the current proposal aims to examine a community sample of heavy drinkers in a longitudinal design in order to study the psychosocial, behavioral, and neural mechanisms that underlie changes in or maintenance of heavy drinking. Multi-modal neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG)) will be used to identify the regions and networks in which change occurs (i.e. fMRI) and the temporal engagement of neural networks (i.e. MEG) related to reductions in drinking over time. Comprehensive assessments of psychosocial and behavioral functioning will be obtained at baseline, and then at 3-, 9-, and 18-month follow-ups. In addition, participants will complete MRI sessions at each visit (baseline, 3, 9, and 18 months) as well as an MEG session at baseline and 18 months, during which participants will complete tasks measuring cognitive control, cue reactivity, and stress/negative affect reactivity. Psychosocial, behavioral, and neura mechanisms of behavior change will be examined using state-of-the-art data analytic techniques, many of which have been pioneered by the research team. Examining the MOBC at multiple levels of analysis in heavy drinkers who change on their own, we will be able to develop a comprehensive understanding of potential mechanisms on which to focus treatments and will provide a key comparison group for future MOBC studies.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管对酒精使用障碍的药理学和社会心理治疗进行了深入研究，但多达75％的人满足酒精使用障碍标准（AUD）从未寻求正式的饮酒治疗。但是，这些非治疗的人中很大一部分能够自行减少饮酒甚至戒酒。因此，在没有治疗的情况下自我改变的人中，更好地了解行为变化的机制（MOBC）可能会为最关键的变化机制提供一些关键的见解，这些机制可能成为干预发展的潜在目标。尽管在过去十年中，对自我改变者中MOBC的行为/心理社会研究的数量有所增加，但显然缺乏研究有助于行为改变的神经认知机制。大量的动物和人类工作调查了AUD的发展和维持的神经相关性，但是关于AUD恢复的文献缺乏文献。横断面研究发现，涉及酒精提示反应性和压力反应性的网络似乎变得更加与AUD严重性更大，并且参与认知控制的那些网络往往会随着AUD严重程度的增加而降低。因此，可以预期，随着饮酒量/频率和听觉严重程度的降低，可能会逆转这些变化。尽管一些横截面神经影像学研究表明，功能的恢复确实发生在长期禁欲后，但迄今为止，缺乏研究纵向研究功能性脑反应变化的研究。为了解决这一差距，当前的提案旨在检查纵向设计中的重饮酒者的社区样本，以研究重度饮酒或维持重大变化或维持重量的社会心理，行为和神经机制。多模式神经影像学（功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和磁脑摄影（MEG））将用于识别发生变化的区域和网络（即fMRI）以及与饮酒减少饮酒相关的神经网络（即MEG）的时间参与。将在基线，然后在3月，9个月和18个月的随访中获得对社会心理和行为功能的全面评估。此外，参与者将在每次访问（基线，3、9和18个月）以及基线和18个月的MEG会议上完成MRI会议，在此期间，参与者将完成测量认知控制，提示反应性以及压力/负面影响反应性的任务。将使用最新的数据分析技术检查行为改变的社会心理，行为和神经元机制，其中许多技术已由研究团队开创。在重量饮酒者的多个分析中检查MOBC的人会自行改变，我们将能够对潜在的机制进行全面的了解，并将为未来的MOBC研究提供关键的比较组。