Characterizing habitual and goal-directed behavioral control systems in the human

表征人类习惯性和目标导向的行为控制系统

基本信息

批准号：
8303192
负责人：
JOHN P O'DOHERTY
金额：
$ 39.37万
依托单位：
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-08-01 至 2015-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8303192
关键词：
Accounting Address Animals Anterior Area Attention Behavior Behavior Control Behavior Therapy Behavioral Behavioral Mechanisms Brain California Clinical Code Computer Simulation Corpus striatum structure Data Data Analyses Decision Making Dependence Development Disease Ensure Environment Evaluation Experimental Designs Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Habits Health behavior Human Human Volunteers Image Imaging Techniques Institutes Institution Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Lead Learning Lesion Life Light Maintenance Mediating Mental Health Mental disorders Methods Modeling Motor Cortex Multivariate Analysis Nature Obesity Operant Conditioning Pathology Pattern Performance Population Procedures Process Protocols documentation Psychological reinforcement Reporting Research Research Project Grants Response to stimulus physiology Rewards Rodent Role Scheme Signal Transduction Source Specific qualifier value Staging Stimulus Structure System Techniques Technology Testing Training addiction conditioning cost design experience habit learning innovation insight neuromechanism novel physical conditioning psychologic relating to nervous system research study response theories

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): "Characterizing habitual and goal-directed behavioral control systems in the human brain using computational and multivariate fMRI". PI: Dr. John P. O'Doherty Institution: California Institute of Technology PROJECT SUMMARY While much is now known about the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying goal-directed and habitual learning in rodents, much less is known about the brain structures involved in encoding the associations that support these two types of learning humans, and even less is known about the neural computations underlying their implementation. Even more critically, almost nothing is known about the mechanisms governing the transition in behavioral control between these two systems in humans. This project seeks to address these critical gaps in knowledge. To achieve this we will combine sophisticated behavioral protocols, inspired by animal studies of instrumental conditioning, with state-of-the-art fMRI data analysis. We first deploy multivariate pattern analysis techniques in order to establish the nature of associative encoding in candidate brain structures for goal-directed and habit learning such as the vmPFC, anterior and posterior striatum and supplementary motor cortex. Next, we apply sophisticated computational models to our behavioral and fMRI data in order to establish the nature of the computations underlying the implementation of these forms of learning in these brain areas. Once a clearer understanding of the neural implementation of goal-directed and habitual learning has been achieved, we turn our attention to the factors governing habitization, and to the neural systems involved in mediating the control of the habitual and goal-directed systems over behavior. For this we will apply a novel experimental paradigm developed in our laboratory that can induce behavioral habitization rapidly in human volunteers without the need for cumbersome over-training or other impractical procedures hitherto used to induce habits in humans. By combining this procedure with fMRI we will be able to directly identify brain structures engaged when behavior is under habitual control. This project will provide new insights into how habitual and goal-directed learning is implemented in the brain, and shed light on the mechanisms underlying the control of these systems over behavior. Ultimately this research has the potential to lead to the development of new mechanisms for inducing habitual control in order to achieve the maintenance of adaptive and healthful behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：“使用计算和多元功能磁共振成像来表征人脑中的习惯性和目标导向的行为控制系统”。 PI：John P. O'Doherty 博士机构：加州理工学院项目摘要虽然现在人们对啮齿动物目标导向和习惯性学习的行为和神经机制了解甚多，但对参与编码的大脑结构知之甚少。支持这两种类型的学习人类的关联，而对其实现背后的神经计算则知之甚少。更重要的是，对于人类这两个系统之间行为控制转变的机制几乎一无所知。该项目旨在解决这些关键的知识差距。为了实现这一目标，我们将受仪器调节动物研究启发，将复杂的行为方案与最先进的功能磁共振成像数据分析结合起来。我们首先部署多变量模式分析技术，以确定候选大脑结构中联想编码的性质，用于目标导向和习惯学习，例如 vmPFC、前纹状体、后纹状体和辅助运动皮层。接下来，我们将复杂的计算模型应用于我们的行为和功能磁共振成像数据，以便确定在这些大脑区域中实施这些学习形式的基础计算的性质。一旦对目标导向和习惯性学习的神经实现有了更清晰的了解，我们就将注意力转向控制习惯化的因素，以及参与调节习惯性和目标导向系统对行为的控制的神经系统。为此，我们将应用我们实验室开发的一种新颖的实验范式，它可以快速诱导人类志愿者的行为习惯化，而不需要繁琐的过度训练或迄今为止用于诱导人类习惯的其他不切实际的程序。通过将此过程与功能磁共振成像相结合，我们将能够直接识别行为受到习惯控制时参与的大脑结构。该项目将为如何在大脑中实施习惯性和目标导向的学习提供新的见解，并揭示这些系统对行为的控制的机制。最终，这项研究有可能开发出诱导习惯性控制的新机制，以实现适应性和健康行为的维持。