Project 1 - The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

项目 1 - 社会决策的神经生物学：社会推理和背景

基本信息

批准号：
9278567
负责人：
JOHN P O'DOHERTY
金额：
$ 29.74万
依托单位：
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-07-26 至 2022-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Project 1. Project Summary. This Project 1, directed by John O'Doherty, is a renewal of Project 2 in our current Conte Center. It aims to continue our investigation of how we can learn to make decisions by observing the choices of another person. This ability, observational learning, is present behaviorally in several species and likely constitutes the main mechanism for the acquisition of social decision-making skills in humans. However, compared to the systems we now know to mediate direct learning through personal experience, surprisingly little is known about the systems that mediate observational learning. What systems are there? How are they differentially employed depending on the context? How might this vary across individuals? We will address these questions across four Aims that test the engagement of three postulated neural systems for observational learning. Of specific interest is a system that relies on social inference, the focus theme of this Conte Center. This system, which is thought to recruit sectors of medial prefrontal cortex and the temporoparietal junction, mediates a computationally more powerful and flexible form of observational learning that requires imputing hidden states to people to explain their actions: their values, goals, and beliefs. We hypothesize, and will test, that this is the same social inference system that is engaged in standard social neuroscience tasks, such as the “why/how” task administered to all participants under Core 2 and investigated explicitly in Project 2. This Project 1 also links to an Aim that is described under Project 4, where we will investigate the single-unit correlates of observational learning. The strong links between this Project and several others are reflected in its personnel, which include PIs from other Projects (Mobbs, Andersen, Rutishauser, Hutcherson) and post- docs shared with other Projects. The primary approach of Project 1 uses computational fMRI, which designs fMRI tasks such that regional brain activation can be fit to the parameters in a model of the observational learning process. It will test 50 healthy participants in each of 6 experiments, recruited through Cores 2 and 3, and shared in part with the participants of Projects 2 and 3. Its Aims will test how attention to specific features of social stimuli engages different systems, how social context matters (e.g., if we are observing a human or a computer), how the reliability of the different systems may influence arbitration amongst them, and to what extent there are individual differences that correlate with psychological assessment scores from Core 3, or results from experiments that shared overlapping subjects in other Projects.

项目 1. 项目概要。该项目 1 由约翰·奥多尔蒂 (John O'Doherty) 执导，是我们当前 Conte 中心项目 2 的更新。继续研究我们如何通过观察他人的选择来学习做出决定。这种观察学习的能力存在于多个物种的行为中，并且可能构成了主要的行为能力。然而，与系统相比，人类获得社会决策技能的机制。我们现在知道可以通过个人经验来调节直接学习，但令人惊讶的是，我们对调节观察学习的系统有哪些？它们的使用方式有何不同？根据具体情况，这可能会因人而异？测试三个假设的神经系统对观察学习的参与的四个目标。特别令人感兴趣的是一个依赖社会推理的系统，这是这个孔特中心的焦点主题。该系统被认为招募内侧前额叶皮层和颞顶交界处的部分，介导一种计算上更强大、更灵活的观察学习形式，需要输入隐藏状态向人们解释他们的行为：他们的价值观、目标和信仰我们参与并将测试，这与从事标准社会神经科学任务的社会推理系统相同，例如 “为什么/如何”任务在核心 2 下向所有参与者进行，并在项目 2 中进行明确调查。项目 1 还链接到项目 4 中描述的目标，我们将在其中研究单个单元该项目与其他几个项目之间的密切联系反映在其人员，其中包括来自其他项目（Mobbs、Andersen、Rutishauser、Hutcherson）的 PI 和后期与其他项目共享的文档。项目 1 的主要方法使用计算 fMRI，它设计 fMRI 任务，以便区域大脑激活可以适应观察学习过程模型中的参数。通过核心 2 和 3 招募的 6 个实验中，每个实验测试 50 名健康参与者，并与项目 2 和 3 的参与者。其目标将测试如何关注社会刺激的特定特征涉及不同的系统，社会背景如何重要（例如，如果我们正在观察人类或计算机），如何不同系统的可靠性可能会影响它们之间的仲裁，以及影响程度如何与核心 3 的心理评估分数或结果相关的个体差异在其他项目中共享重叠主题的实验。