Micronutrient Deficiency, Arsenic Exposure, and Cognitive Function Outcomes in Adolescents

青少年的微量营养素缺乏、砷暴露和认知功能结果

• 批准号: 9893707
• 负责人: Roheeni Saxena
• 金额: $ 1.61万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-15 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9893707
• 关键词: 10 year old; Acute; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; American; Arsenic; Bangladesh; Bangladeshi; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Blood; Brain region; Child; Choline; Chronic; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Complex; Country; Data; Development; Dietary Intervention; Educational Intervention; Environmental Exposure; Exposure to; Folic Acid; Food; Future; Goals; Health; Heavy Metals; High Prevalence; Hippocampus (Brain); Homocysteine; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Income; Intelligence; Intervention; Lead; Linguistics; Link; Low income; Malnutrition; Manuscripts; Maps; Measures; Memory; Metabolism; Methods; Methylation; Micronutrients; Modeling; Myelin; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurotransmitters; Nutrient; Nutritional; Nutritional status; Outcome; Outcome Study; Plasma; Policies; Prefrontal Cortex; Productivity; Quality of life; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk; S-Adenosylmethionine; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Supplementation; Synapses; Testing; Time; Toxic effect; Urine; Vitamin B 12; Water; adverse outcome; aged; base; cognitive ability; cognitive function; cognitive testing; contextual factors; cost; critical period; economic outcome; executive function; fortification; ground water; health economics; improved; innovation; insight; intervention program; low and middle-income countries; micronutrient deficiency; neurodevelopment; neurodevelopmental effect; neurotoxic; novel; population health; programs; relating to nervous system; skills; tool; urinary; well water

Chronic arsenic exposure currently affects >140 million people in 70+ countries (including Bangladesh); it also effects 2.1 million Americans who use domestic well water. The majority of countries afflicted by groundwater arsenic (As) contamination are low-income or middle-income; micronutrient deficiencies are common in these countries, as they don’t typically have food fortification programs. For example, deficiencies in folate, B12, and choline are widespread in Bangladesh. These micronutrients are essential for neural development and are necessary for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and myelin. They are also required for synthesis of a crucial methyl donor (s-adenosylmethionine) that is required for As methylation and urinary elimination. Adolescents are acutely vulnerable to environmental neurotoxic exposures (such as arsenic or micronutrient deficiency) because adolescence is a period of neurodevelopment associated with intense neural pruning – it is also the neurodevelopmental period in which executive function skills mature. For adolescents, the cognitive effects of arsenic exposure and micronutrient deficiencies may have serious long-term consequences for overall health, productivity, and quality of life. Aims and Methods: The goals of this proposal are to test the hypotheses that, (1) deficiencies in folate, B12, and choline will result in poorer scores on tests of cognitive function in adolescents, (2) arsenic exposure will result in poorer scores on tests of cognitive function in adolescents, and (3) exposure to toxic arsenic metabolites will result in poorer scores on tests of cognitive function in adolescents. The final exploratory hypothesis of this study is that (4) nutritional deficiencies may modify and exacerbate the effect of As exposure on cognitive outcomes for adolescents. This study will leverage existing biospecimens and data from a sample of 738 Bangladeshi adolescents (aged 14-17 years) with a broad range of well-characterized current and lifetime histories of water arsenic exposure; the contextual and covariate data available for these adolescents is extremely rich, and will allow us to develop complex models and provide specific insights into contextual factors contributing to these adverse cognitive outcomes. Innovation and Future Directions: This study will provide insight into the influences of micronutrient deficiencies (folate, B12, choline), arsenic exposure, and toxic arsenic metabolite exposure on adolescent cognitive function. Findings from this study could inform the development of low-cost, low-risk interventions, such as micronutrient supplementation, food fortification programs, or behavioral/educational interventions to mitigate As-related decrements in executive-function-related cognitive abilities, particularly in low/middle income countries that have a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and As exposure.

目前，慢性砷暴露影响超过 1.4 亿人（70 岁以上） 国家（包括孟加拉国）；它还影响了 210 万使用家用井水的美国人。 大多数受地下水砷（As）污染的国家是低收入或中等收入国家； 微量营养素缺乏症在这些国家很常见，因为它们通常没有食品强化 例如，叶酸、B12 和胆碱的缺乏在孟加拉国很普遍。 微量营养素是神经发育所必需的，也是神经递质合成所必需的 它们也是合成重要的甲基供体（s-腺苷甲硫氨酸）所必需的。 As 甲基化和尿液消除所需。 青少年极易受到环境神经毒性物质（如砷或砷）的影响。 微量营养素缺乏症），因为青春期是神经发育的时期，与强烈的神经 修剪——这也是青少年执行功能技能成熟的神经发育时期。 砷暴露和微量营养素缺乏对认知的影响可能会产生严重的长期影响 对整体健康、生产力和生活质量的影响。 目的和方法：本提案的目标是检验以下假设：(1) 叶酸缺乏， B12 和胆碱会导致青少年认知功能测试成绩较差，(2) 砷暴露 将导致青少年认知功能测试得分较低，以及（3）接触有毒砷 代谢物将导致青少年认知功能测试成绩较差。 本研究的假设是 (4) 营养缺乏可能会改变和恶化砷暴露的影响 这项研究将利用现有的生物样本和样本数据。 对 738 名孟加拉国青少年（14-17 岁）进行了调查，他们具有广泛的、明确的当前和 这些青少年一生中接触水砷的历史；这些青少年可获得的背景数据和协变量数据 非常丰富，将使我们能够开发复杂的模型并提供对上下文的具体见解 导致这些不良认知结果的因素。 创新和未来方向：这项研究将深入了解微量营养素的影响 青少年缺乏（叶酸、B12、胆碱）、砷暴露和有毒砷代谢物暴露 这项研究的结果可以为低成本、低风险干预措施的开发提供信息。 例如微量营养素补充、食品强化计划或行为/教育干预措施 减轻执行功能相关认知能力的 As 相关下降，特别是低/中级 微量营养素缺乏症和砷暴露率较高的收入国家。