Study of chloroplast stromules during PCD and inter-organellar communication

PCD 和细胞间通讯过程中叶绿体基质的研究

• 批准号: 8637089
• 负责人: Jeffrey L Caplan
• 金额: $ 31.23万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-15 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8637089
• 关键词: Animals; Apoptosis; Area; Binding; Biological; Biological Models; Biological Process; Caenorhabditis elegans; Carrier Proteins; Cell Death Signaling Process; Cell Nucleus; Cell surface; Cells; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Chloroplasts; Communication; Complex; Cytoplasm; Cytosol; Data; Defense Mechanisms; Development; Disease; Drosophila genus; Equilibrium; Excision; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Screening; Goals; Growth and Development function; Human Cell Line; Hydrogen Peroxide; Image; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity; Immunologic Receptors; Infection; Knock-out; Leucine-Rich Repeat; Life; Light; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammalian Cell; Mediating; Membrane; Microscopy; Mitochondria; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; NRIP1 gene; Natural Immunity; Nuclear; Nuclear Envelope; Nucleotides; Pattern; Pattern recognition receptor; Plant Model; Plants; Play; Production; Proteins; Proteomics; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Salicylic Acids; Signal Transduction; Site; TNFRSF5 gene; Techniques; Tobacco Mosaic Virus; Transgenic Organisms; Tubular formation; Work; Yeasts; cell killing; cytochrome c; defense response; human NRIP1 protein; insight; interest; novel; overexpression; pathogen; prevent; protein complex; receptor; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In both animals and plants, various types of programmed cell death (PCD) are required for the removal of cells that are dying, infected or no longer needed. Plant innate immunity relies on a specialized type of PCD called the hypersensitive response (HR-PCD) to restrict pathogens and prevent disease. Activation and execution of HR-PCD requires rapid cellular reprogramming and the coordination between different compartments within the cell. Interestingly, our results indicate that during HR-PCD, chloroplasts send out highly dynamic tubular extensions called "stromules" that physically connect chloroplasts to nuclei, possibly augmenting their communication. Very little is known about the cellular machinery required for stromule formation or the precise function of stromules during any biological process. The specific aims of the proposed research here will 1) employ candidate, genetic and proteomic approaches to identify novel factors required for stromule induction and will elucidate their biological role during HR-PCD and innate immunity. 2) The function of stromules during the generation and propagation of pro-cell death signals, such as hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid, during HR-PCD will be revealed. 3) An in-depth study of chloroplast-to-nuclear associations using advanced microscopy techniques will shed light on the importance of inter-organellar communication during HR-PCD and innate immunity. The research outlined here will undoubtedly advance the field of innate immunity by providing researchers with a novel, cohesive model for HR-PCD that integrates the essential functions of chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei, and how they communicate to coordinate cellular reprogramming that leads to HR-PCD and innate immunity. Furthermore, these studies will reveal broader insights into the role of stromules in PCD and inter-organellar communication. Similar to how studies in multiple model systems, such as human cell lines, C. elegans, Drosophila and yeast, have all added to our understanding of PCD, the proposed studies here in plants will add new insight into conserved and divergent mechanisms that balance the life and death of a cell.

描述（由申请人提供）：在动物和植物中，要清除垂死，感染或不再需要的各种类型的程序性细胞死亡（PCD）。植物先天免疫依赖于一种称为过度反应（HR-PCD）的专门类型的PCD来限制病原体并预防疾病。 HR-PCD的激活和执行需要快速的细胞重编程以及细胞内不同隔室之间的协调。有趣的是，我们的结果表明，在HR-PCD期间，叶绿体发出了高度动态的管状延伸，称为“ stromules”，将叶绿体与核相结合到核，可能会增强其通信。关于在任何生物过程中，基质形成所需的细胞机制或基质的精确功能所需的细胞机械知之甚少。拟议的研究的具体目的是1）采用候选，遗传和蛋白质组学方法来识别Stromule诱导所需的新因素，并将在HR-PCD和先天免疫中阐明其生物学作用。 2）将发现，在HR-PCD期间，链球菌在生成和传播过程中的stromules的功能，例如过氧化氢和水杨酸。 3）深入研究使用先进显微镜技术对叶绿体至核的关联，将阐明HR-PCD和先天免疫期间孔间通信的重要性。此处概述的研究无疑将通过为研究人员提供新颖的HR-PCD凝聚模型来推动先天免疫的领域，该模型整合了叶绿体，线粒体和细胞核的基本功能，以及如何与导致HR-PCD和先天性免疫的坐标相协调的细胞重编程。此外，这些研究将揭示对基德菌在PCD和轨道间交流中的作用的更广泛的见解。与在多种模型系统中的研究（例如人类细胞系，秀丽隐杆线虫，果蝇和酵母）的研究都相似，这都增加了我们对PCD的理解，植物中提出的研究将为平衡细胞生命和死亡的保守和分歧机制增加新的见解。