The Neuropsychology of Memory

记忆的神经心理学

• 批准号: 8586870
• 负责人: Larry R Squire
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-10-01 至 2014-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8586870
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Amnesia; Anterior; Bilateral; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Injuries; Categories; Color; Complex; Data Analyses; Detection; Diagnosis; Disease; Face; Familiarity; Foundations; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Fusiform gyrus; Gold; Health; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Image; Individual; Injury; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Knowledge; Lateral; Learning; Length; Lesion; Location; MRI Scans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetism; Measures; Medial; Memory; Memory Disorders; Memory impairment; Methods; Nature; Neuroanatomy; Neurologic; Neuropsychology; Occipital lobe; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Parietal Lobe; Pathology; Patients; Population; Population Study; Process; Prospective Studies; Protocols documentation; Publishing; Reporting; Request for Proposals; Research Design; Research Methodology; Retrieval; Role; Scanning; Short-Term Memory; Source; Structure; Support System; Task Performances; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Veterans; Work; age related; aging population; cognitive neuroscience; design; forgetting; frontal lobe; healthy volunteer; improved; innovation; long term memory; memory recognition; neuroimaging; novel; prevent; public health relevance; relational memory; response; technology development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Studies are proposed to advance understanding of the organization of human memory and the nature of memory disorders. The work involves six studies, which are organized around three topics that have been prominent in recent discussions of memory and memory impairment: A) Recent memory and remote memory; B) Recognition memory and the human hippocampus; C) Working memory and the medial temporal lobe. A salient aspect of the proposed work is the opportunity to continue study of our population of memory-impaired patients with bilateral lesions limited to the hippocampus or with larger medial temporal lobe lesions. Many of these patients are veterans. Our population of amnesic study patients, including the veterans, is one of the very few such populations available anywhere and is the best characterized in terms of detailed, quantitative neuroanatomy. A second and complementary aspect of the proposed work is neuroimaging studies of learning and memory in healthy individuals using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The following six studies are proposed: A) Recent memory and remote memory (an fMRI study of healthy volunteers). This is a prospective study of recent and remote memory, testing memory in the scanner for material that was learned 1 hr to 1 month earlier. We will also determine how brain activity in response to the new items that are presented during scanning is related to how novel these items are judged to be during scanning and how well these items are remembered in a later memory test. In this way, we will assess brain activity both as it relates to the age of a memory (1hr to 1 month) and also as it relates to the formation of new memories. Ba) Recognition memory and source memory (an fMRI study of healthy volunteers). We will use an improved and novel design asking whether activity in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex during learning is differentially predictive of subsequent recognition memory and the subsequent ability to remember the context in which material was learned. This study addresses a fundamental issue: how sharp is the division of labor within medial temporal lobe structures? Bb) Remember (R) and Know (K) responses after hippocampal damage. We will ask whether the hippocampus selectively supports recollection (i.e., memory for the context in which learning occurred), or whether the hippocampus has a broader role in memory that includes the ability to detect simple familiarity. Bc) Recognition memory for faces. We will ask whether the capacity for face learning and face recognition is organized differently than the capacity to learn and recognize other kinds of material (e.g., specifically words and scenes). Is face memory hippocampus-dependent? Ca) Working memory for object-place associations. We will use a novel change-detection task to determine the working memory capacity for object-place associations and will ask whether working memory for this domain of material is independent of the medial temporal lobe. Cb) Relational working memory at short lag times. We will ask whether working memory is intact or impaired after medial temporal lobe damage as measured by tasks that assess relational memory for locations within complex scenes. These two studies (Ca and Cb) reassess the classical distinction between short-term and long-term memory. The issue hinges on the difficulty in determining which process (short-term memory or long-term memory) is supporting task performance in any particular case. I have devised a method that can make this determination. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed work aims to understand the organization and function of the brain systems that support human memory and to illuminate the nature of memory disorders. Memory problems are commonly reported in conjunction with neurological and psychiatric illness and are a significant issue in veterans' health. Improved knowledge about how memory works, and about how memory fails after injury or disease, lays a foundation for the development of technology and interventions to help diagnose, treat, and prevent the diseases that affect memory, including Alzheimer's disease. Better knowledge about how memory works, and sometimes does not work, also provides a foundation for the assessment and treatment of age-related memory impairment, which is increasingly significant in our aging population and in aging veterans.

描述（由申请人提供）： 提出了研究，以提高人们对人类记忆的组织的理解和记忆障碍的本质。这项工作涉及六项研究，这些研究围绕三个主题组织，这些主题在最近关于记忆和记忆障碍的讨论中是突出的：a）最近的记忆和遥不可及的记忆； b）识别记忆和人类海马； c）工作记忆和内侧颞叶。拟议工作的一个显着方面是，有机会继续研究我们的记忆力障碍患者的双侧病变，仅限于海马或较大的内侧颞叶病变。这些患者中有许多是退伍军人。我们包括退伍军人在内的失忆研究患者的人群是任何地方可用的少数此类人群之一，并且在详细的定量神经解剖学方面是最好的特征。拟议工作的第二个和互补的方面是使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）对健康个体的学习和记忆进行神经影像学研究。提出了以下六项研究：a）最近的记忆和远程记忆（健康志愿者的功能磁共振成像研究）。这是对近期和远程内存的前瞻性研究，在扫描仪中测试记忆的材料，该材料已在1小时至1个月之前学习。我们还将确定如何响应扫描过程中提出的新项目的大脑活动与扫描过程中这些项目的新颖性以及在以后的记忆测试中记忆的方式有关。通过这种方式，我们将评估与记忆年龄有关（1小时至1个月）的大脑活动，并且与新记忆的形成有关。 BA）识别记忆和源记忆（健康志愿者的功能磁共振成像研究）。我们将使用一种改进的新颖设计，询问学习过程中海马和周围皮层中的活动是否在差异上可以预测随后的识别记忆以及随后记住学习材料的上下文的能力。这项研究解决了一个基本问题：内侧颞叶结构内的劳动分工有多尖锐？ BB）记住（R）并知道海马损伤后的（K）反应。我们将询问海马是否有选择地支持回忆（即，对学习进行上下文的记忆），还是海马在内存中是否具有更广泛的作用，其中包括检测简单熟悉度的能力。 BC）识别面部的记忆。我们将询问面部学习和面部识别能力是否与学习和识别其他材料的能力（例如，尤其是单词和场景）的能力不同。面部记忆是海马依赖性的吗？ CA）对象位置关联的工作记忆。我们将使用新颖的变更检测任务来确定对象位置关联的工作记忆能力，并询问该材料域的工作记忆是否与内侧颞叶无关。 CB）短时间滞后时间的关系工作记忆。我们将询问工作记忆是否完好无损或在内侧颞叶损伤后受到损害，这些任务是评估复杂场景中位置的关系记忆的任务。这两项研究（CA和CB）重新评估了短期和长期记忆之间的经典区别。该问题取决于确定哪个过程（短期内存或长期内存）在任何特定情况下都支持任务绩效。我设计了一种可以做出这种决定的方法。 公共卫生相关性： 拟议的工作旨在了解支持人类记忆并阐明记忆障碍本质的大脑系统的组织和功能。记忆问题通常与神经和精神病结合在一起，并且在退伍军人健康中是一个重要的问题。提高了有关记忆如何工作的知识，以及在受伤或疾病后的记忆如何失败，为发展技术和干预措施的发展奠定了基础，以帮助诊断，治疗和预防影响记忆的疾病，包括阿尔茨海默氏病。更好的了解记忆的工作方式，有时不起作用，也为评估和治疗与年龄相关的记忆障碍的基础奠定了基础，这在我们的老龄化人群和老年退伍军人中越来越重要。