CSR&D Research Career Scientist Award

企业社会责任

• 批准号: 10595505
• 负责人: Larry R Squire
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10595505
• 关键词: Academy; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anatomy; Animal Model; Autobiography; Award; Awareness; Bilateral; Biological; Book Chapters; Books; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Injuries; Code; Cognition; Collaborations; Collection; Confusion; Conscious; Diagnosis; Disease; Doctor of Philosophy; Early Diagnosis; Educational Curriculum; Epilepsy; Episodic memory; Event; Eye Movements; Face; Faculty; Familiarity; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Future; Grant; Health; Hippocampus; Human; Impairment; Individual; Injury; Internet; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Lesion; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Medial; Medicine; Memory; Memory Disorders; Memory impairment; Mental disorders; Mind; National Institute of Mental Health; Nature; Neurologic; Neurons; Neuropsychology; Neurosciences; Operative Surgical Procedures; Paper; Patients; Peer Review; Population; Prevention; Principal Investigator; Progress Reports; Psyche structure; Psychology; Publications; Rattus; Reporting; Research; Research Activity; Research Personnel; Rodent; Role; Sampling; Scanning; Science; Scientist; Series; Specialist; Structure; Support System; System; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Unconscious State; United States National Academy of Sciences; United States National Institutes of Health; Veterans; Work; brain based; career; combat; distinguished professor; experience; health science research; healthy volunteer; human model; improved; indexing; insight; journal article; life history; long term memory; member; memory recognition; military veteran; nervous system disorder; neuropathology; nonhuman primate; normal aging; novel; prevent; procedural memory; programs; response; sample fixation; therapy development

Project Summary/Abstract (1) Our work is directed towards understanding the structure, organization, and anatomy of human memory. We study neurological patients who have circumscribed memory impairment as the result of brain injury or disease that has damaged the hippocampus bilaterally. We also study healthy volunteers using the technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This work is continuing to reveal useful and important information about the organization of memory and the brain systems that support memory. In this work, I collaborate with Christine Smith, Ph.D. at the VA (Research Health Science Specialist), who in 2016 obtained independent VA funding. I also collaborate with Robert Clark, Ph.D. (VA investigator) in his program of work on memory in rodents. Memory is a precious mental faculty. Lost or diminished memory, as occurs in neurological disease, leads to a loss of self, a loss of one’s life history, and a loss of the ability to have enduring contact with other human beings. Memory problems are common in VA neurological and psychiatric patients. Modest difficulties with memory are of course well-documented as a universal feature of normal aging, and more severe memory problems are a prominent early sign of Alzheimer’s disease. Our work is intended to learn how memory is affected by these conditions, how the brain accomplishes learning and memory, and what brain structures are important. Our neuropsychological work has provided new tests, the possibility of better and earlier diagnosis, improved understanding of the conditions that affect memory, and established a clearer path to the development of interventions for treating and ultimately preventing diseases that affect memory. During the past 10 years, our work has been reported in 95 publications, (53 peer-reviewed journal articles, 20 books or book chapters, 18 invited reviews, and four other pieces). We explored a number of issues that are prominent in current discussions about the organization of memory. We investigated how eye movements can be experience-dependent (e.g., different depending on whether a scene is novel or recently presented); the key distinction between conscious and unconscious memory systems; the function of the hippocampus with respect to the constructs of recollection and familiarity; the brain-based distinction between short-term (working) memory and long-term memory; the role of the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe structures in recollecting the recent past, the remote past, and in imagining the future; the special status of face recognition with respect to hippocampal function; the possible role of medial temporal lobe structures in certain perceptual functions; and the role of these structures in navigation, scene construction, and spatial cognition. Over my career, my work has been cited 48,000 times and continues to be cited about 2000 times/year. My h-index is 108. Current work proceeds on several fronts. First, we are carrying out a number of studies supported by the VA to illuminate the ways that eye movements can reflect memory. For example, individuals scan a scene differently depending on whether the scene is familiar or novel. They make fewer fixations and sample fewer regions when viewing a familiar (as opposed to novel) scene. What kind of memory effects are these? Do these eye movement effects simply provide another example of conscious, declarative memory? Or, are they more automatic, and independent of awareness that a scene is novel or familiar? Are they hippocampus- dependent or independent? Do they honor or contradict the dominant view that conscious memory is hippocampus-dependent? In other NIH-supported work we are exploring memory and spatial cognition, and autobiographical memory. We are attempting to reconcile two traditions of work that emphasize the role of the hippocampus in memory vs. its role in the ability to mentally construct scenes and navigate. Squire - 1

项目摘要/摘要 （1）我们的工作是针对理解人类记忆的结构，组织和解剖结构的。 我们研究因脑损伤或 双侧破坏海马的疾病。我们还使用该技术研究健康的志愿者 功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）。这项工作正在继续揭示有用和重要的 有关内存组织和支持内存的大脑系统的信息。在这项工作中，我 与Christine Smith博士合作在VA（研究健康科学专家），2016年获得 独立的VA资金。我还与罗伯特·克拉克（Robert Clark）合作。 （VA调查员）在他的工作计划中 记忆啮齿动物。 记忆是一种宝贵的心理教师。失去或减少记忆，如神经疾病中发生的那样 导致自我丧失，失去人生历史的丧失以及与其他人保持持久联系的能力的丧失 人类。在VA神经系统和精神病患者中，记忆问题很常见。适度的困难 记忆当然是正常衰老的普遍特征，并且记忆更加严重 问题是阿尔茨海默氏病的突出迹象。我们的工作旨在了解记忆的方式 受这些条件的影响，大脑如何完成学习和记忆以及哪些大脑结构是什么 重要的。我们的神经心理学工作提供了新的测试，有更好和更早的诊断的可能性， 对影响记忆的条件的理解得以提高，并建立了通​​往记忆的途径 开发治疗和最终预防影响记忆的疾病的干预措施。 在过去的10年中，我们的工作已在95个出版物中报道（53个同行评审期刊 文章，20本书或书籍章节，18个邀请的评论以及其他四篇文章）。我们探索了许多 有关记忆组织的当前讨论中突出的问题。我们调查了眼睛 运动可以依赖于经验（例如，取决于场景是新颖的还是最近的 提出）；有意识和无意识的记忆系统之间的关键区别；函数 海马关于回忆和熟悉的结构；基于大脑的区别 短期（工作）记忆和长期记忆；海马和相关媒体临时的作用 在回顾最近的过去，遥远的过去以及想象未来时，叶结构的结构；特殊地位 关于海马功能的面部识别；媒体临时叶结构在 某些感知功能；这些结构在导航，场景构建和空间中的作用 认识。在我的职业生涯中，我的工作被引用了48,000次，并继续被引用于2000年左右 时间/年。我的H索引是108。 当前的工作在几个方面进行。首先，我们正在进行许多支持 VA阐明眼睛运动可以反映记忆的方式。例如，个人扫描场景 不同于场景是熟悉还是新颖的不同。他们进行更少的固定量，样品较少 查看一个熟悉（与小说）场景的区域。这些是什么样的记忆影响？做 这些眼动效应只是提供了有意识的，声明性记忆的另一个例子？还是他们是 更自动，并且独立于意识到场景是新颖还是熟悉的？他们是海马吗？ 依赖还是独立？他们是否尊重或与有意识的记忆是的主导观点相矛盾 海马依赖性？在其他由NIH支持的工作中，我们正在探索记忆和空间认知，以及 自传记忆。我们试图调和两种强调的工作传统，以强调 海马在记忆中与其在精神构建场景和导航能力中的作用。 Squire -1