Carbon nanotube fiber and yarn microelectrodes for high temporal resolution measu

用于高时间分辨率测量的碳纳米管纤维和纱线微电极

• 批准号: 8701642
• 负责人: B. JILL VENTON
• 金额: $ 18.88万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8701642
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Adenosine; Adsorption; Affect; Ascorbic Acid; Behavior; Behavior Control; Biological; Brain; Carbon Nanotubes; Characteristics; Chemicals; Coagulants; Data; Detection; Disease; Disease model; Dopamine; Drug Addiction; Electrodes; Fiber; Fingerprint; Fire - disasters; Future; Goals; Histamine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Knowledge; Lead; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Microelectrodes; Mission; Monitor; Nature; Neuromodulator; Neurotransmitters; Norepinephrine; Organism; Outcome; Oxides; Physiologic pulse; Polyethyleneimine; Polymers; Property; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Resolution; Sampling; Scanning; Serotonin; Signal Transduction; Surface; Surface Properties; Techniques; Testing; Time; Work; addiction; base; burden of illness; carbon fiber; chemical kinetics; dopaminergic neuron; drug of abuse; improved; in vivo; instrumentation; millisecond; multi walled carbon nanotube; nervous system disorder; neurotransmission; neurotransmitter release; new technology; public health relevance; research study; sensor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Real-time measurements of neurotransmitters are critical for understanding how chemical signaling is controlled in the brain and how it malfunctions during neurological diseases. Regulation of neurotransmission occurs on a millisecond time scale but monitoring neurotransmitter concentrations has been instrumentally limited to the second to minute time scale. Neurotransmitter measurements require both high temporal resolution and high sensitivity, as nanomolar concentration changes are expected. The goal of this research is to develop high sensitivity, high temporal resolution electrochemical sensors to understand the regulation of dopamine concentrations on a millisecond time scale. The strategy is to fabricate high sensitivity carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn and CNT fiber microelectrodes for high temporal resolution measurements with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). FSCV provides both a fingerprint for identification of the species being detected and high temporal resolution. However, the scan is usually repeated at 100 ms intervals with traditional carbon-fiber microelectrodes because sensitivity decreases with increasing repetition rate. Preliminary data show that CNT yarn and CNT fiber microelectrodes do not suffer from this drawback and can be used with rapid repetition rates. The CNT microelectrodes are expected to provide a 1 nM limit of detection with 2 ms temporal resolution, which is sufficient to characterize dopamine release after single stimulation pulses in vivo for the first time. The firs aim is to study CNT fibers as microelectrode materials. The fibers are made by wet spinning techniques, by extruding CNTs into a coagulant such as polyethyleneimine. The second aim is to test CNT yarns as microelectrode sensors. CNT yarns are a commercial material that is made by twisting aligned CNT arrays into aligned CNT yarns. For both CNT yarn and CNT fiber microelectrodes, the effects of oxide functionalization on adsorption and electrochemical properties will be studied. The best sensors will be used to characterize dopamine release in vivo to show that they are useful for high temporal resolution measurements in a biological sample. The ability to measure release from a single stimulation pulse will enable the hypothesis that the interval between single stimulations during burst firing regulates the amount of dopamine release to be tested. This work is significant because it will overcome a critical instrumentation barrier for monitoring dopamine release and allow the first characterization of dopamine on the millisecond time scale, 50-times faster than currently possible. This will open the door for future studies of how millisecond regulation of dopamine impacts diseases, such as addiction. These sensors could also be implemented to monitor other electroactive compounds including adenosine, serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine, ascorbic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the potential impact is a better understanding of the millisecond regulation of many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经递质的实时测量对于了解如何控制大脑中的化学信号传导以及在神经疾病中的故障至关重要。 神经传递的调节以毫秒的时间尺度发生，但监测神经递质的浓度在工具上已限于第二至分钟的时间尺度。 随着纳摩尔浓度的变化，神经递质测量需要高的时间分辨率和高灵敏度。 这项研究的目的是发展高灵敏度，高的时间分辨率电化学​​传感器，以了解毫秒时尺度上多巴胺浓度的调节。 该策略是通过快速扫描的环状伏安法（FSCV）来制造高灵敏度碳纳米管（CNT）纱线和CNT纤维微电极。 FSCV既提供了用于识别被检测到的物种的指纹，又提供了高时间分辨率。 但是，通常以传统的碳纤维微电极以100 ms的间隔重复扫描，因为灵敏度随重复率的增加而降低。 初步数据表明，CNT纱线和CNT纤维微电极不会遭受此弊端，并且可以通过快速重复率使用。 预计CNT微电极将提供1 nm的检测极限，并具有2 ms的时间分辨率，这足以使得足够 首次在体内刺激脉冲后表征多巴胺释放。 FIR的目的是将CNT纤维作为微电极材料研究。 纤维是通过将CNT挤出到聚乙烯等凝结剂中的湿旋旋技术制成的。 第二个目的是将CNT纱作为微电极传感器测试。 CNT纱线是一种商业材料，是通过将对齐的CNT阵列扭转为对齐的CNT纱制成的。 对于CNT纱和CNT纤维微电极，将研究氧化物功能化对吸附和电化学性质的影响。 最好的传感器将用于表征体内多巴胺释放，以表明它们对于生物样品中的高时间分辨率测量很有用。 从单个刺激脉冲中测量释放的能力将使一个假设，即爆发期间单个刺激之间的间隔调节要测试的多巴胺释放量。 这项工作很重要，因为它将克服监测多巴胺释放的关键仪器障碍，并允许在毫秒时尺度上首次对多巴胺进行表征，比目前可能更快50倍。 这将为以后的研究打开有关多巴胺对疾病（例如成瘾）的影响的未来研究。 这些传感器也可以实施以监测其他电活性化合物，包括腺苷，5-羟色胺，去甲肾上腺素，组胺，抗坏血酸和过氧化氢。 因此，潜在的影响是对许多神经递质和神经调节剂的毫秒调节的更好理解。