Excitation and Inhibition in Neural Circuits of the Visual Cortex

视觉皮层神经回路的兴奋和抑制

• 批准号: 8725167
• 负责人: Hillel Adesnik
• 金额: $ 37.48万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8725167
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Brain; Cells; Cerebral cortex; Dimensions; Disease; Electrophysiology (science); Equilibrium; Functional disorder; Gene Targeting; Genetic; Goals; Individual; Lead; Logic; Mediating; Methodology; Modeling; Mus; Neurologic; Neurons; Optics; Pattern; Perception; Physiological; Positioning Attribute; Process; Sensory; Sensory Process; Signal Transduction; Slice; Specificity; Stimulus; Synapses; Testing; Transgenic Organisms; Viral Vector; Visual; Visual Cortex; Whole-Cell Recordings; Work; area striata; base; cell type; in vivo; insight; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; novel; novel strategies; optogenetics; patch clamp; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; tool; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neural circuits of the primary visual cortex are critical for generating accurate perceptions of our external world. These circuits are functionally organized across both the vertical and horizontal axes of the visual cortex. Nonetheless, the distinct contributions of vertical and horizontal projections to visual computation are poorly understood. In particular, the balance of excitation and inhibition (the E/I balance) that vertical and horizontal projections generate during sensory evoked activity is not well characterized due to a lack of appropriate methodology. The first goal of this proposal is to implement a new approach to selectively activate the vertical and horizontal projections for each layer of the cortex using a combination of cell-type specific gene targeting and optogenetic tools. The second goal is to use this new approach to test the hypothesis that vertical and horizontal projections generate layer-specific E/I balances in the cortex that determine their functional impact on cortical activity. The third goal is to establish how the distinct E/I balances that vertcal and horizontal projections generate in visual cortical circuits mediate the encoding of fundamental stimulus features such as contrast and size.

描述（由申请人提供）：主要视觉皮层的神经回路对于产生对我们外部世界的准确看法至关重要。这些电路在视觉皮层的垂直轴和水平轴上都在功能上组织。尽管如此，垂直和水平投影对视觉计算的独特贡献知之甚少。特别是，激发与抑制的平衡（E/I平衡） 由于缺乏适当的方法，在感官诱发活动期间产生的水平投影无法很好地表征。该提案的第一个目标是实施一种新方法，以使用细胞类型的特定基因靶向和光遗传学工具的组合选择性地激活每层皮层的垂直和水平投影。第二个目标是使用这种新方法来检验以下假设：垂直和水平投影在皮层中产生层特异性的E/I平衡，从而确定其功能对皮质活动的影响。第三个目标是确定在视觉皮质电路中生成的垂体和水平投影的独特E/I如何介导基本刺激特征（例如对比度和大小）的编码。