Vestibular Contributions to Estimated Head Motion and Orientation

前庭对估计头部运动和方向的贡献

• 批准号: 8630097
• 负责人: RICHARD F LEWIS
• 金额: $ 56.17万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-01 至 2018-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8630097
• 关键词: Ablation; Acceleration; Address; Affect; Aminoglycosides; Bayesian Analysis; Behavior; Brain; Characteristics; Cues; Discrimination; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Extravasation; Eye; Eye Movements; Force of Gravity; Frequencies; Goals; Hair Cells; Head; Implanted Electrodes; Labyrinth; Macaca mulatta; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Nerve; Neurons; Noise; Ocular Fixation; Organ; Patients; Perception; Peripheral; Phase; Physiology; Process; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Relative (related person); Residual state; Role; Semicircular canal structure; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Sum; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Translations; Vestibular Labyrinth; Visual; Work; base; behavior measurement; cell injury; eye velocity; improved; nonhuman primate; novel; otoconia; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sample fixation; vestibulo-ocular reflex

The information about head motion and orientation provided by the vestibular labyrinth is constrained by several features, but the brain is still able to generate relatively accurate perceptual and eye movement responses during vestibular stimulation. One major problem the vestibular system must deal with is the noise inherent in all aspects of neural processing. In this proposal we will use several novel techniques (including vestibular psychophysics in non-human primates, high-frequency electrical stimulation of semicircular canal afferents, and measures of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) threshold and central vestibular noise) to investigate how noise affects the central processing that is responsible for vestibular-mediated eye movement and perceptual responses. More specifically, we propose three hypotheses which we will test in three specific aims that focus on the brain's ability to optimize perceptual and eye movement responses despite the limitations in the information provided by the labyrinth. In the first two specific aims, we will vary the amount of noise on the canal afferent signals by using very high-frequency electrical stimulation of the canal ampullary nerves superimposed on the normal canal afferent cues. We will investigate how noise on the canal rotational inputs affects perceptual and eye movement responses, and predict that when the noise increases the velocity storage integrator in the brain will become less effective (aim 1) and that the misperception of low-frequency translation as tilt will be accentuated (aim 2). In specific aim 3, we will investigate the hypothesis that peripheral vestibular ablation increases central vestibular noise by inducing different degrees of peripheral vestibular hypofunction with aminoglycosides and measuring changes in the VOR and in a behavioral measure of vestibular noise, based on changes in the variance of eye velocity during fixation of a punctate target with the head stationary. In sum, these experiments will help answer longstanding and fundamental questions about how vestibular information is processed centrally, and this work will not only improve understanding of normal vestibular physiology but may also help elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the abnormal perceptual and eye movement responses that occur with disorders of the peripheral and central vestibular system.

前庭迷宫提供的有关头部运动和方向的信息受到限制 几个功能，但大脑仍然能够产生相对准确的感知和眼睛运动 前庭刺激期间的反应。前庭系统必须解决的一个主要问题是噪音 神经处理的各个方面固有。在此提案中，我们将使用几种新技术（包括 非人类灵长类动物的前庭心理物理学，半圆形管的高频电刺激 传统，以及前庭 - 眼反射（VOR）阈值和中央前庭噪声的量度） 研究噪声如何影响负责前庭介导的眼动的中心处理 和感知反应。更具体地说，我们提出了三个假设 目的是关注大脑优化感知和眼动反应的能力，尽管 迷宫提供的信息的限制。在前两个具体目标中，我们将改变 通过使用非常高频的电气刺激运河隔膜上的运河传入信号上的噪声 神经叠加在正常的运河传入线索上。我们将研究运河旋转的噪声 输入会影响感知和眼动反应，并预测，当噪声增加速度时 大脑中的存储积分器将变得降低（AIM 1），并且误解低频 翻译为倾斜度将被突出（AIM 2）。在特定目标3中，我们将研究以下假设。 外围前庭消融通过诱导不同程度的周围来增加中央前庭噪声 氨基糖苷的前庭功能不全，并测量VOR和行为度量的变化 前庭噪声，基于点状目标期间眼速度方差的变化 头部静止。总而言之，这些实验将有助于回答长期存在的基本问题 关于前庭信息的集中处理方式，这项工作不仅会改善对的理解 正常的前庭生理学，但也可能有助于阐明导致异常的机制 感知和眼动反应是由周围和中央前庭的疾病发生的 系统。