Vestibular Contributions to Estimated Head Motion and Orientation

前庭对估计头部运动和方向的贡献

• 批准号: 9176015
• 负责人: RICHARD F LEWIS
• 金额: $ 53.94万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-01 至 2018-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9176015
• 关键词: Ablation; Acceleration; Address; Affect; Aminoglycosides; Bayesian Analysis; Behavior; Brain; Characteristics; Cues; Darkness; Discrimination; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Extravasation; Eye; Eye Movements; Force of Gravity; Frequencies; Goals; Hair Cells; Head; Impairment; Implanted Electrodes; Labyrinth; Macaca mulatta; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Nerve; Neurons; Noise; Ocular Fixation; Organ; Patients; Perception; Peripheral; Phase; Physiology; Process; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Residual state; Role; Rotation; Semicircular canal structure; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Sum; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Translations; Vestibular Labyrinth; Visual; Work; base; behavior measurement; cell injury; experimental study; eye velocity; improved; nonhuman primate; novel; otoconia; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; vestibulo-ocular reflex; Ablation; Acceleration; Address; Affect; Aminoglycosides; Bayesian Analysis; Behavior; Brain; Characteristics; Cues; Darkness; Discrimination; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Extravasation; Eye; Eye Movements; Force of Gravity; Frequencies; Goals; Hair Cells; Head; Impairment; Implanted Electrodes; Labyrinth; Macaca mulatta; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Nerve; Neurons; Noise; Ocular Fixation; Organ; Patients; Perception; Peripheral; Phase; Physiology; Process; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Residual state; Role; Rotation; Semicircular canal structure; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Sum; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Translations; Vestibular Labyrinth; Visual; Work; base; behavior measurement; cell injury; experimental study; eye velocity; improved; nonhuman primate; novel; otoconia; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; vestibulo-ocular reflex

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The information about head motion and orientation provided by the vestibular labyrinth is constrained by several features, but the brain is still abl to generate relatively accurate perceptual and eye movement responses during vestibular stimulation. One major problem the vestibular system must deal with is the noise inherent in all aspects of neural processing. In this proposal we will use several novel techniques (including vestibular psychophysics in non-human primates, high-frequency electrical stimulation of semicircular canal afferents, and measures of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) threshold and central vestibular noise) to investigate how noise affects the central processing that is responsible for vestibular-mediated eye movement and perceptual responses. More specifically, we propose three hypotheses which we will test in three specific aims that focus on the brain's ability to optimize perceptual and eye movement responses despite the limitations in the information provided by the labyrinth. In the first two specific aims, we will vary the amount of noise on the canal afferent signals by using very high-frequency electrical stimulation of the canal ampullary nerves superimposed on the normal canal afferent cues. We will investigate how noise on the canal rotational inputs affects perceptual and eye movement responses, and predict that when the noise increases the velocity storage integrator in the brain will become less effective (aim 1) and that the misperception of low-frequency translation as tilt will be accentuated (aim 2). In specific aim 3, we will investigate the hypothesis that peripheral vestibular ablation increases central vestibular noise by inducing different degrees of peripheral vestibular hypofunction with aminoglycosides and measuring changes in the VOR and in a behavioral measure of vestibular noise, based on changes in the variance of eye velocity during fixation of a punctate target with the head stationary. In sum, these experiments will help answer longstanding and fundamental questions about how vestibular information is processed centrally, and this work will not only improve understanding of normal vestibular physiology but may also help elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the abnormal perceptual and eye movement responses that occur with disorders of the peripheral and central vestibular system.

描述（由申请人提供）：前庭迷宫提供的有关头部运动和方向的信息受到多个特征的约束，但是在前庭刺激期间，大脑仍然存在相对准确的感知和眼动反应。前庭系统必须解决的一个主要问题是神经处理各个方面固有的噪声。在这项建议中，我们将使用多种新技术（包括非人类灵长类动物的前庭心理物理学，对半圆形管传入的高频电刺激以及前庭 - 圆锥形反射（VOR）阈值和中央前庭阈值的度量），以调查噪声如何影响中心处理的噪声对噪声的影响，并构成了反对的反应。更具体地说，我们提出了三个假设，我们将以三个特定目标进行测试，这些假设侧重于大脑优化感知和眼动反应的能力，尽管迷宫提供的信息存在局限性。在前两个特定的目标中，我们将通过使用非常高频的电刺激在正常运河传入线索上叠加的运河隔膜神经来改变运河传入信号上的噪声量。我们将研究运河旋转输入上的噪声如何影响感知和眼动反应，并预测，当噪声增加大脑中的速度存储积分器时，大脑中的速度存储积分器变得较低（AIM 1），并且误解会加重低频翻译（AIM 2）。在特定目标3中，我们将调查以下假设：外周前庭消融通过诱导不同程度的前庭噪声，从而在固定目标的变化下，在固定过程中诱导了VOR，VOR和行为度量的行为衡量，并测量VOR和VOR的行为度量的行为量的变化，并测量VOR和行为度量的行为度量的行为度量。总而言之，这些实验将有助于回答有关中间信息如何处理前庭信息的长期存在和基本问题，这项工作不仅将改善对正常的前庭生理学的理解，而且还可能有助于阐明导致异常感知和眼动反应的机制。