Does knowing the amount of milk in the bottle alter infant feeding practices?

了解奶瓶中的牛奶量是否会改变婴儿喂养方式？

• 批准号: 8952018
• 负责人: Alison K. Ventura
• 金额: $ 7.22万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA POLY STATE U SAN LUIS OBISPO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-21 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8952018
• 关键词: Does; knowing; amount; milk; bottle

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of the proposed research is to test hypotheses related to understanding how bottle-feeding influences mothers' infant feeding practices and young infants' short-term feeding behaviors. The proposed research aims to elucidate potential strategies for optimizing feeding during infancy, which is one of the earliest opportunities for primary prevention of the negative health outcomes associated with undesirable intake and weight gain patterns, such as obesity and type II diabetes. Previous researchers have proposed that bottle-feeding mothers feed in response to the amount of milk or formula in the bottle, rather than in response to infant hunger and fullness cues, leading to overfeeding, excessive weight gain, and heightened risk for obesity. Although plausible, the evidence underlying this hypothesis is observational, at best, and we are currently lacking experimental data that allow us to fully understand the impact of bottle usage on mothers' feeding practices and infant consumption. The first specific aim of this research is to test the hypothesis that infants will consume less formula when fed from opaque, weighted bottles (OWBs; which remove visual and weight clues related to the amount of formula in the bottle) compared to when fed from conventional clear bottles (CCBs). The second specific aim of this research is to test the hypothesis that mothers will use more responsive feeding practices when using OWBs compared to when using CCBs when feeding their infants. We propose a within-subject design to test our hypotheses. Mother-infant dyads will visit our laboratory on three separate occasions for feeding observations. All visits will occur at the same time of day and visit days will be separated by one day. The first visit will be an acclimation visit, where we wil video-record mothers while they feed their infants their typical formula from a CCB. During the second and third visits, we will video- record mothers as they feed their infants their typical formula from a CCB or OWB; bottle type will be counterbalanced across these two visit days. Mothers will be instructed to feed their infant as they normally would at home. Bottles will be weighed pre- and post-feeding to assess infant intake. Video-records will be later coded using the Parent-Child Interaction Feeding Scale from the Nursing Child Assessment. We hypothesize that during the OWB condition, infants will consume less formula and mothers will show greater sensitivity to infant cues when compared to the CCB condition. The proposed research will provide important preliminary data for larger-scale intervention efforts. Findings from this study could provide evidence for a novel approach to promoting responsive feeding practices in bottle-feeding mothers: modification of the feeding context to facilitate bottle-feeding mothers' ability o attend to satiation cues displayed by their infants.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目的是测试与了解奶瓶喂养如何影响母亲的婴儿喂养实践和年轻婴儿的短期喂养行为有关的假设。拟议的研究旨在阐明在婴儿期优化喂养的潜在策略，这是主要预防与不良摄入量和体重增加模式相关的负面健康结果的最早机会之一，例如肥胖和II型糖尿病。 先前的研究人员提出，喂食母亲会响应瓶中的牛奶或配方奶粉的量，而不是响应婴儿的饥饿和饱腹感，从而导致过度喂养，体重增加过度和肥胖风险增加。尽管合理，但该假设的基础证据充其量是观察性的，目前我们缺乏实验数据，这些数据使我们能够充分了解瓶子使用对母亲的喂养实践和婴儿消费的影响。这项研究的第一个具体目的是检验以下假设：与从常规的透明瓶（CCBS）相比，从不透明的加权瓶（OWBS;删除与瓶中配方量的视觉和权重线索）中喂食时消耗的配方较少。这项研究的第二个具体目的是检验以下假设：与使用CCB在喂养婴儿时使用OWB相比，母亲在使用OWB时会使用更多的响应式喂养实践。 我们提出了一个受试者内部设计以检验我们的假设。母亲二元组将在三个不同的场合访问我们的实验室，以进行观察。所有访问将在一天中的同一时间进行，访问日将有一天分开。第一次访问将是一次适应访问，我们将在此访问视频记录的母亲，同时他们从CCB喂养典型的配方。在第二次和第三次访问中，我们将录制录制母亲，因为母亲从CCB或OWB喂食典型的配方；瓶类型将在这两个访问日内平衡。母亲将被指示像往常一样在家喂养婴儿。瓶子将在喂养前和后喂养瓶子，以评估婴儿摄入量。视频记录将稍后使用护理儿童评估的亲子互动喂养量表对视频记录进行编码。我们假设在OWB条件下，婴儿将消耗较少的配方，与CCB条件相比，母亲对婴儿提示的敏感性更高。 拟议的研究将为大规模干预工作提供重要的初步数据。这项研究的发现可以为促进喂食母亲的响应式喂养做法提供新的方法提供证据：修改喂养环境，以促进喂食母亲的能力。