Coding of action by motor & premotor cortical ensembles

电机动作编码

• 批准号: 8287588
• 负责人: Nicholas G Hatsopoulos
• 金额: $ 34.06万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8287588
• 关键词: Anterior; Area; Behavior; Cells; Code; Complex; Development; Devices; Disabled Persons; Distal; Dorsal; Electrodes; Environment; Fingers; Food; Goals; Hand; Health; Human; Implant; Injury; Knowledge acquisition; Lead; Lobule; Location; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Neurons; Optics; Parietal; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Plant Roots; Population; Primates; Prosthesis; Psychophysiology; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Rotation; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Spinal cord damage; Statistical Models; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Work; Wrist; arm; density; digital; grasp; kinematics; relating to nervous system; research study; response; spatiotemporal; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to understand how single neurons as well as ensembles of interacting neurons in multiple motor cortical areas coordinate proximal and distal components in reach-to-grasp behavior. Although psychophysical research has determined that prehensile movements involve the coordination of hand transport and grasp preshaping, very little is known about the cortical involvement in coordinating reach and grasp. Most electrophysiological recordings have focused on characterizing the firing of single cortical neurons in relation to either reaching or grasping movements separately. We will determine: 1) how single neurons within dorsal premotor (PMd), ventral premotor (PMv; F5), and primary motor (MI) cortical areas encode both reach and grasp components by explicitly characterizing the encoding of reach-to-grasp coordination; 2) whether there is a topographic organization of reach and grasp neurons within these three cortical areas; and 3) whether there are structured spatiotemporal patterns of spiking among simultaneously recorded neurons that mediate the coordination of reach-to-grasp. To accomplish this, high-density electrode arrays will be chronically implanted in MI, PMv, and PMd from which 100s of single units and local field potentials will be simultaneously recorded while monkeys reach for and grasp objects of different sizes, shapes, and orientations in different three-dimensional locations. A digital optical tracking system using a set of six infrared cameras will monitor the kinematics of the arm and hand during reach-to-grasp behavior. A set of statistical and mathematical methods will be employed to develop encoding models of reach-to-grasp that capture how single neuron spiking and neuronal ensemble activity participate in the coordination of hand transport and grip aperture kinematics. Decoding models will also be used to compare how well ensemble activity within MI, PMv, and PMd can reconstruct the reach and grasp kinematics. More complex reach-to-grasp movements involving obstacle avoidance and grasp of moving objects will be used to test whether these encoding and decoding models generalize to altered coordination patterns. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Coordinated reaching and grasping is a ubiquitous feature of human behavior that traces its evolutionary roots to primate foraging for food in arboreal environments and has allowed for the development of more complex actions including tool use and, ultimately, knowledge acquisition through direct contact. The proposed project will enhance our understanding of the cortical contribution to these coordinated behaviors which may lead to more effective rehabilitative treatments for motor disabled patients with cortical damage due to stroke or injury. This work also has direct relevance towards the development of a neuro-motor prosthesis by which spinal cord-damaged or ALS patients may be able to control grasp as well as transport components of artificial devices by activating ensembles of motor cortical neurons.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目标是了解多个运动皮质区域中的单个神经元以及相互作用的神经元群如何协调伸手抓握行为中的近端和远端组件。尽管心理物理学研究已经确定抓握运动涉及手部运输和抓握预成形的协调，但对于协调触及和抓握的皮质参与却知之甚少。大多数电生理记录都集中于表征单个皮层神经元的放电与分别到达或抓握运动的关系。我们将确定：1) 背侧前运动 (PMd)、腹侧前运动 (PMv; F5) 和初级运动 (MI) 皮层区域内的单个神经元如何通过明确表征伸手到抓握协调的编码来编码伸手和抓握组件; 2）这三个皮质区域内是否存在触及和抓握神经元的拓扑组织； 3）同时记录的神经元之间是否存在结构化的时空尖峰模式，介导“伸手抓握”的协调。为了实现这一目标，高密度电极阵列将被长期植入 MI、PMv 和 PMd 中，当猴子伸手抓住不同大小、形状和方向的物体时，将同时记录数百个单个单元和局部场电位。不同的三维位置。使用一组六个红外摄像机的数字光学跟踪系统将监控手臂和手在伸手抓握行为期间的运动学。将采用一组统计和数学方法来开发抓取的编码模型，以捕获单个神经元尖峰和神经元集合活动如何参与手部运输和抓握孔径运动学的协调。解码模型还将用于比较 MI、PMv 和 PMd 中的整体活动如何重建触及范围和掌握运动学。涉及避障和抓取移动物体的更复杂的抓取运动将用于测试这些编码和解码模型是否可以推广到改变的协调模式。公共健康相关性：协调的伸手和抓握是人类行为的一个普遍特征，其进化根源可以追溯到灵长类动物在树栖环境中觅食，并允许发展更复杂的行动，包括工具使用以及最终通过直接接触获取知识。拟议的项目将增强我们对皮质对这些协调行为的贡献的理解，这可能会为因中风或受伤而导致皮质损伤的运动障碍患者提供更有效的康复治疗。这项工作还与神经运动假体的开发有直接关系，通过该假体，脊髓损伤或 ALS 患者可以通过激活运动皮层神经元群来控制人工装置的抓握和运输组件。