Early Childhood Development for the Poor: Impacting at Scale

穷人的儿童早期发展：大规模影响

• 批准号: 8532948
• 负责人: Konstantinos Meghir
• 金额: $ 42.72万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-17 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8532948
• 关键词: 5 year old; Adult; Advocacy; Affect; Age; American; Behavior; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Child Rearing; Child health care; Cognition; Cognitive; Communities; Confidentiality; Control Groups; Coupled; Crowding; Data; Developing Countries; Development; Disadvantaged; Economics; Educational Curriculum; Educational Status; Effectiveness; Emotional; Environment; Evaluation; Family; Family Characteristics; Foundations; Gender; Generations; Group Meetings; Health; Home environment; Home visitation; House Call; Household; Human Development; Incentives; Income; India; Individual; Influentials; Intervention; Investigation; Journals; Knowledge; Language; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Living Standards; Low income; Malnutrition; Measures; Mental Depression; Micronutrients; Mission; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Motor; Neurobiology; Nutritional; Nutritional status; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Peer Review; Personal Satisfaction; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Poverty; Poverty Areas; Process; Program Development; Quality of life; Randomized Controlled Trials; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Role; Rural Community; Sampling; School-Age Population; Schools; Science; Services; Social Development; Staging; Supplementation; Testing; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Visit; Vitamins; Woman; Work; Zinc; aged; base; burden of illness; cost; cost effective; cost effectiveness; design; development policy; early childhood; empowerment; evidence base; improved; intergenerational; meetings; member; nutrition; prevent; programs; public health relevance; scale up; self esteem; skill acquisition; skills; social; social skills; socioeconomics; symposium; therapy development; web site

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neurobiological science has established that the first three years of life lay the basis for lifelong outcomes. But during this life-cycle stage children living in poverty are often vulnerable to negative influences including malnutrition, illnesses, an un-stimulating environments, possibly preventing them from reaching their full potential and perpetuating poverty across generations. Small-scale studies have demonstrated that offering stimulation and nutrition to young children can have positive effects on short and long-term outcomes, such as cognition, self-esteem, depression and other important measures. However it has not yet been demonstrated that these interventions can be scaled-up to form the basis of sustainable and effective policy towards child development. The project will introduce a stimulation program, coupled with micronutrient supplementation, to improve interactions between mothers and their young children with the aim of achieving better child outcomes. The program will follow a systematic weekly curriculum based on the natural developmental stages of the child. It will be implemented in rural communities of Odisha in India, an area where poverty and malnutrition are prevalent. It will be delivered by women from within the communities, which will have been trained for this purpose, in the following forms: (i) weekly individual home visits to the child and its main caregiver/mother, or (ii) in a suitably modified way, within the context of weekly main caregiver/mother and child group meetings. The intervention will be accompanied by an evaluation based on a randomized control trial with five variants including a control group. Data will be collected on child developmental outcomes and detailed maternal- and household-level data before the start, halfway through and at the end of the intervention. Having local women deliver the intervention is key to designing low-cost and sustainable policies. The formation of groups could further reduce costs and enhance the dissemination of good child rearing practices. The aim is to test for effectiveness and to understand the pathways through which these interventions achieve their outcomes. As such the project relates directly to the NIH mission of applying knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce the burdens of illness. The research will be disseminated through presentations at academic conferences, to policy makers and stakeholders at specially designed meetings and will form the basis for submission to top peer-reviewed Journals such as the Lancet and the American Economic Review. Results will be posted on a dedicated website.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经生物学科学已经确定，生命的前三年是终身结果的基础。但是，在这个生命周期阶段，生活在贫困中的儿童通常容易受到负面影响，包括营养不良，疾病，不刺激的环境，可能阻止他们在各个一代都发挥其全部潜力和永久性的贫困。小规模的研究表明，向幼儿提供刺激和营养可以对短期和长期结局产生积极影响，例如认知，自尊，抑郁症和其他重要措施。但是，尚未证明可以扩大这些干预措施，以构成对儿童发展的可持续和有效政策的基础。该项目将引入一项刺激计划，再加上补充微量营养素，以改善母亲与其幼儿之间的互动，以实现更好的儿童结局。该计划将根据孩子的自然发育阶段进行系统的每周课程。它将在印度奥里萨邦的农村社区实施，该地区普遍存在贫困和营养不良。它将由社区内部的妇女提供，以以下形式为此目的进行培训：（i）在每周的主要照顾者/母亲/母亲和儿童小组会议的背景下，每周对孩子及其主要照顾者/母亲/主要的照顾者/母亲进行个人访问。该干预措施将伴随基于随机对照试验的评估，其中包括五个变体，包括对照组。将收集有关儿童发育成果以及详细的孕产妇和家庭水平数据的数据，即干预的中途和结束时。让当地妇女提供干预是设计低成本和可持续政策的关键。团体的形成可以进一步降低成本并增强对好子女养育实践的传播。目的是测试有效性，并了解这些干预措施实现其结果的途径。因此，该项目直接与NIH的使命有关，即应用知识以增强健康，延长寿命并减轻疾病负担。这项研究将通过学术会议的演讲，在专门设计的会议上向政策制定者和利益相关者传播，并将为提交同行评审的期刊（例如Lancet和美国经济评论）提供依据。结果将发布在专用网站上。