Temporal Rate Adaption-Evidence for Supramodal Timing Mechanisms?

时间速率适应——超模态计时机制的证据？

基本信息

批准号：
8712500
负责人：
SHINSUKE SHIMOJO
金额：
$ 20.81万
依托单位：
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-01 至 2015-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this research is to understand the principles that govern crossmodal interactions in the temporal domain. The specific objective of this proposal is to identify and to characterize a supramodal timing mechanism for perception of rate. The central hypothesis is that there is a vigorous and adaptive central timing mechanism (responding to changes within the order of seconds to minutes) that is at least to some degree unified and amodal. The proposed studies will rely on a recently discovered crossmodal aftereffect in which repeated exposure to a pulsed adaptor stimulus leads to changes in the perception of the rate of pulsation of subsequent stimuli, such that a relatively fast adaptor lead to later stimuli being perceived as slower, while a relatively slow adaptor does the reverse. This happens even when the adaptor and test stimuli are presented with different modalities and are never presented together. In a series of psychophysical experiments, this effect will be tested with different configurations of unimodal, bimodal, and crossmodal visual stimuli. These experiments will measure the strength and direction of the aftereffect as it varies with different adaptor stimuli and with different spatial relationships and rate differences between adaptor and test. These experiments will provide for a strong test of the supramodal timing hypothesis. An additional set of psychophysical experiments will use continuous flash suppression to render participants are largely unaware of the visual stimuli and test whether adaptation still occurs. This will determine whether the effect requires conscious awareness (and thus may be largely cognitive) or is at least in part perceptual. A final set of experiments will use EEG to track the range of temporal frequencies and the perception threshold of the effect, via the study of the power spectrum and steady state frequency responses, and will provide an objective measure of the causal relationship between auditory and visual networks in creating the perceptual effect. The results of these experiments will place constraints on neuronal and computational models of temporal processing. Timing deficits have been linked to changes due to normal aging as well as to disorders including dyslexia, ADHD, Parkinson's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. A better model of how the brain encodes time has the potential to enhance understanding of these timing deficits and may have implications for potential clinical or psychological interventions.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的长期目标是了解控制时间领域中跨模式相互作用的原则。该提案的具体目标是识别和表征对率感知的超模式的定时机制。中心假设是至少在某种程度上是统一的，并且在某种程度上是一种剧烈而适应性的中心时机机制（在几秒钟到几分钟内的变化响应）。拟议的研究将依赖于最近发现的十字模式后效应，在该效应中，反复暴露于脉冲适配器刺激会导致随后刺激的脉动搏动速率的感知变化，从而使相对快速的适配器导致后来刺激被视为较慢，而相对较慢的适配器则相对较慢。即使将适配器和测试刺激呈现出不同的方式，并且从未一起呈现，也会发生这种情况。在一系列心理物理实验中，将通过单峰，双峰和跨模式的视觉刺激进行不同的构型测试。这些实验将测量后效应的强度和方向，因为它随着不同的适配器刺激而变化，并且在适配器和测试之间具有不同的空间关系和速率差异。这些实验将对超模式假设进行强有力的检验。另一组心理物理实验将使用连续的闪光抑制来使参与者在很大程度上不知道视觉刺激并测试是否仍会发生适应。这将确定效果是否需要有意识的意识（因此可能是认知的）还是至少部分是感知的。最后一组实验将使用脑电图来跟踪效应和稳态频率响应的时间频率和效果的感知阈值的范围，并将提供对听觉网络与视觉网络之间的因果关系的客观度量，以创造感知效应。这些实验的结果将对时间处理的神经元和计算模型施加限制。正常缺陷与因衰老正常以及包括阅读障碍，ADHD，帕金森氏病，抑郁症和精神分裂症等疾病的变化有关。一个更好的模型，即大脑如何编码时间具有增强对这些时序缺陷的理解，并可能对潜在的临床或心理干预产生影响。