Multisensory Pathways and Plasticity Following Partial and Full Vision Loss

部分和全部视力丧失后的多感觉通路和可塑性

• 批准号: 10405042
• 负责人: SHINSUKE SHIMOJO
• 金额: $ 39.38万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10405042
• 关键词: Address; Advanced Development; Affect; Age related macular degeneration; Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory area; Behavioral; Blindness; Brain; Characteristics; Degenerative Disorder; Depth Perception; Development; Devices; Environment; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Illusions; Image; Imagination; Individual; Intuition; Island; Knowledge; Lead; Light; Location; Maps; Measures; Modality; Motion; Ocular Prosthesis; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Play; Process; Prosthesis; Prosthetic rehabilitation; Protocols documentation; Psychophysics; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Residual state; Retina; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Role; Scotoma; Sensory Aids; Solid; Space Perception; Speech; Stimulus; Tactile; Theoretical model; Training; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Visual Illusions; Visual Perception; Visual impairment; Visually Impaired Persons; auditory processing; auditory stimulus; base; behavioral response; blind; experience; experimental study; fovea centralis; insight; mental imagery; multimodality; multisensory; neural correlate; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; next generation; rehabilitation paradigm; relating to nervous system; restoration; retinal prosthesis; sensory cortex; sensory prosthesis; sensory substitution; sound; tool; visual imagery; visual processing; visual stimulus

Project Summary The visual cortex is known to change its functional map and connectivity with other cortical regions following partial or full vision loss, including significant repurposing among the other senses such as audition. What is unclear is whether such crossmodal incursion alters the multimodal pathways and multisensory integration of the various senses. Also, it is not yet known under what vision loss conditions (such as central vision loss with Age-Related Macular Degeneration, peripheral vision loss with Retinitis Pigmentosa, or full vision loss due to numerous causes) multisensory integration is facilitated (or suppressed), and whether these changes vary with retinal location. Such knowledge is critical to develop a more complete theoretical model of multisensory integration; to better evaluate potential for rehabilitation in those with vision loss; to provide a solid basis for the development of advanced retinal prostheses, sensory aids, and sensory substitution devices; and to develop optimal multisensory training and rehabilitation paradigms following visual restoration. To this end, we propose to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of auditory-visual (A-V) integration in individuals with low vision (Specific Aim 1). More specifically, we will use a set of auditory-visual illusions as a psychophysical tool to determine the degree of A-V integration in various retinal locations as a function of both eccentricity from the fovea and proximity to regions of visual loss. We also propose to examine the viability of visual processing and crossmodal integration in those with low vision and the late blind by employing both A-V illusions and mental imagery (Specific Aim 2). We will determine whether multisensory integration from imagined visual stimuli can integrate with real auditory stimuli in the late blind to change the perceived location of auditory stimuli, including auditory spatial perception in the horizontal plane and in depth. The results from these two aims will provide an assessment of the key characteristics of auditory-visual interactions in the blind and those with low vision, and will identify differences in these multisensory interactions that are specific to the cause of vision loss. We also plan to identify the neural correlates of such crossmodal interactions and integrations using fMRI imaging (Specific Aim 3). We will examine key differences in visual cortical activity, as well as the connectivity patterns among auditory, visual, and multisensory cortices, by comparing low vision and late blind participants with sighted controls. A comprehensive understanding of the multisensory processing capabilities of low vision and late blind individuals will provide crucial insights into the consequences of functional reorganization in the human brain, and will also pave the way for advanced multisensory aids, visual prostheses, and rehabilitation protocols.

项目摘要 已知视觉皮层会改变其功能图和与其他皮质区域的连接 部分或全视力丧失，包括在其他感觉（例如试听）中重新使用的显着重新利用。是什么 尚不清楚这种跨模式的入侵是否改变了多模式途径和多感官的整合 各种感官。同样，在哪种视力损失条件下（例如中央视力丢失）尚不清楚 随着年龄相关的黄斑变性，色素性视网膜炎的外周视力丧失或应有的全视力丧失 出于许多原因）准备（或抑制）多感官集成，这些变化是否有所不同 带有视网膜位置。这种知识对于开发更完整的多感官理论模型至关重要 一体化;更好地评估视力丧失的人的康复潜力；为扎实的基础 开发先进的视网膜假体，感官辅助设备和感觉替代设备；并发展 视觉恢复后，最佳的多感官训练和康复范例。 为此，我们建议确定听觉视觉（A-V）的空间和临时特征 低视力的个体的整合（特定目标1）。更具体地，我们将使用一组听觉视觉 幻觉是一种心理物理工具，以确定各种视网膜位置的A-V整合程度 从中央凹和视觉损失区域的偏心率的函数。我们还建议 检查视觉处理和跨模式集成在低视力和晚期盲人的生存能力 通过同时采用A-V幻觉和心理图像（特定目标2）。我们将确定是否多感官 想象中的视觉刺激的整合可以与晚期盲人中的真实听觉刺激整合到改变 听觉刺激的感知位置，包括水平平面中的听觉空间感知和 深度。这两个目标的结果将评估听觉 - 视觉的关键特征 盲人的相互作用以及具有低视力的人，并将确定这些多感官相互作用的差异 特定于视力丧失的原因。我们还计划确定这种跨模式的神经相关性 使用fMRI成像（特定目标3）的相互作用和集成。我们将检查视觉上的关键差异 皮质活动以及听觉，视觉和多感官皮质之间的连通性模式， 比较低视力和晚期盲人参与者和视力对照。 对低视力和晚期盲目的多感官处理能力的全面了解 个人将提供对人脑功能重组的后果的关键见解， 并将为先进的多感官辅助工具，视觉假体和康复方案铺平道路。