Coordinate Transformation in Aftereffects and Attention

协调后效和注意力的转变

• 批准号: 7112258
• 负责人: SHINSUKE SHIMOJO
• 金额: $ 35.59万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7112258
• 关键词: attention; body movement; clinical research; cues; eye movements; head movements; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; neural information processing; parietal lobe /cortex; proprioception /kinesthesia; psychophysics; saccades; smooth pursuit eye movement; space perception; transcranial magnetic stimulation; visual pathways; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Eye movements continuously produce shifts in the visual image on the retina. Despite these dynamic inputs, we perceive stability or constancy of the visual world. Constancy is presumably based on an internal representation of space derived from both retinal and non-retinal signals. This proposal aims to understand how the brain transforms across and separately utilizes different coordinate systems (representations), what extra-retinal signals are used for the modulation or coordinate-transformation processes, and what regions of the brain are responsible for such processes. We will apply a gaze manipulation paradigm to sensory-motor aftereffects such as saccade and arm-reach adaptation, attention-modulated perceptual effects and reaction times, as well as spatial localization and memory. We extend our paradigm to head and body turns utilizing a vestibular chair, and also employ Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to obtain insights into the underlying neural mechanism. A typical experiment with the gaze manipulation paradigm will consist of an adapting (cueing or target presentation) phase, followed by a testing phase to measure negative aftereffect, attentional modulation, or mislocalization. Unlike the conventional procedure, however, there will be a refixation phase between the adapting/cueing and the testing in which the observer has to move gaze to a new location. This enables us to isolate the adapted/cued location in eye-centered and the non-eye-centered, i.e. the head-, the body-, and the environment-centered coordinate frames of reference. By presenting the test stimulus at various locations, we will obtain a spatial tuning curve to find out the degree to which the visual system maintains the eye-centered representation, and/or transfers it into a non-eye-centered description. If we find either gaze-dependent modulation or a non-eye-centered component, as indicated by our pilot studies, we will determine exactly which non-eye-centered system (head-, body-, or environment-centered) is relevant and what extra-retinal signals are critical by rotating the observer's head and/or torso in a vestibular chair. We will further apply TMS to the parietal region of the observer who is performing an attentional cueing task with a gaze shift, to see if TMS can effectively block the transformation process. The results will bridge the gap between animal physiology and human psychophysics, providing insights into coordinate transformation.

描述（由申请人提供）：眼睛运动在视网膜上的视觉图像中不断产生变化。尽管有这些动态的输入，但我们认为视觉世界的稳定性或稳定性。恒定性大概是基于来自视网膜和非视网膜信号的空间的内部表示。该建议旨在了解大脑如何跨和分别使用不同的坐标系（表示），视网膜外信号用于调制或坐标转换过程，以及大脑的哪些区域负责此类过程。我们将在感觉运动后效应（例如扫视和手臂的适应性，注意力调节的感知效应和反应时间以及空间定位和记忆）中应用凝视操纵范式。我们利用前庭椅扩展了范式，并通过前庭椅转向头部，并采用经颅磁刺激（TMS）来获得对基本神经机制的见解。凝视操纵范式的典型实验将包括适应（提示或目标表现）阶段，然后进行测试阶段，以测量负面效果，注意调制或错误定位的负面影响。但是，与常规过程不同，适应/提示与观察者必须将目光移至新位置的测试之间将存在一个置换阶段。这使我们能够以醒目的和非眼的为中心的适应/提示位置隔离，即头部，车身和以环境为中心的参考框架。通过在各个位置介绍测试刺激，我们将获得一个空间调谐曲线，以找出视觉系统维持以眼神为中心表示的程度，并将其转移到以非眼为中心的描述中。如我们的试点研究所示，如果我们发现凝视依赖性的调制或非眼部中心的组件，我们将确切确定哪种非眼部的系统（以头部，身体或环境为中心）是相关的，而旋转观察者的头部和/或托有前提人的座椅的旋转椅子是至关重要的。我们将进一步将TMS应用于观察者的顶区域，后者正在执行注意力转移的注意力提示任务，以查看TMS是否可以有效地阻止转换过程。结果将弥合动物生理学和人类心理物理学之间的鸿沟，从而提供对坐标转化的见解。