Sex/Drug Tourism at the US/Mexico Border: Social Network Influences on HIV Risk.

美国/墨西哥边境的性/毒品旅游：社交网络对艾滋病毒风险的影响。

• 批准号: 8318843
• 负责人: Karla D. Wagner
• 金额: $ 17.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8318843
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Address; Affect; Area; Award; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Border Crossings; California; Characteristics; Client; Country; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development; Disease; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Drug user; Ecology; Educational workshop; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Exhibits; Female; Funding; Future; Geography; Goals; HIV; HIV Seroprevalence; Heroin; Home environment; Individual; International; Intervention; Laboratories; Laws; Learning; Life; Mediating; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methamphetamine; Methods; Mexican; Mexico; Pathway Analysis; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physical environment; Policies; Population; Population Characteristics; Positioning Attribute; Prevention Research; Public Health; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Sampling; Shapes; Social Environment; Social Network; Structure; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Vulnerable Populations; base; cocaine use; disease transmission; experience; high risk; male; men; public health relevance; sex; sex risk; skills; social; stem; therapy design; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is threefold. This award will allow me to: 1) learn a new skill set (social network analysis; SNA), 2) broaden my understanding of the social epidemiology of HIV among drug users in a new cultural and environmental context (the US/Mexico border), and 3) facilitate my transition to becoming a productive NIH-funded independent investigator at the University of California San Diego. The training aims will be accomplished through a combination of specific workshops and coursework, a hands-on practicum, and one-on-one mentoring with a Training Committee comprised of experts in the areas of HIV prevention research among vulnerable populations, behavioral intervention design, social network analysis, and HIV social epidemiology research in international contexts (and specifically the US/Mexico border region). The research aims will be accomplished by conducting a cross-sectional study of the social network factors associated with HIV risk behavior among 200 drug-using male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) in Tijuana, Mexico. The US/Mexico border is experiencing a burgeoning HIV epidemic, concentrated among high-risk groups such as drug users and FSWs. Social network analysis (SNA) has been used for many years in the US to understand the role of drug user social networks in regional HIV transmission, but rarely has it been used between regions or across international borders, which are characterized by high levels of cross-border mobility. Understanding the role of social networks in highly mobile "bridging" populations is critical to a more nuanced and contextualized understanding of infectious disease transmission in border regions. The proposed research will allow me to apply newly acquired skills in SNA to evaluate the structure, composition, and influence of social networks, and the degree of interaction among drug, sex, and social networks of a particularly high-risk group: US and Tijuana-based drug-using male clients of FSWs. This population exhibits high rates of drug use (25% report ever injecting drugs, and up to 88% report lifetime use of cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine) and considerable sexual risk behavior with both FSWs and other partners (including 66% who report concurrent sex and drug use). Findings from the proposed research will be critical for developing tailored interventions for individuals at risk for HIV via sex and drug use in border regions, and for the development of future research into the mobility-HIV risk pathway. Further, developing skills in social network analysis will uniquely position me as one of only a handful of mixed-methods researchers in the field of drug abuse possessing such skills, and the only one in the Division of Global Public Health at the University of California San Diego. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The US/Mexico border is home to an evolving HIV epidemic among vulnerable groups such as drug users, including female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients, but little social epidemiological research has assessed the role of social networks in influencing transmission of HIV in this region. Findings from the proposed research will be critical to bi-national efforts to develop tailored interventions for drug users at risk for HIV, and for the development of future long-term research into the influence of social networks on HIV risk among mobile "bridging" populations who have the potential to connect higher- and lower-risk groups. Further, developing skills in social network analysis will uniquely position the candidate as one of only a handful of mixed-methods researchers in the field of drug abuse possessing such skills, and the only one in the Division of Global Public Health at the University of California San Diego.

描述（由申请人提供）：该指导研究科学家发展奖（K01）有三个目的。该奖项将使我能够：1）学习一套新技能（社交网络分析；SNA），2）拓宽我对新文化和环境背景（美国/墨西哥边境）吸毒者中艾滋病毒社会流行病学的理解，3) 帮助我成为一名由 NIH 资助、在加州大学圣地亚哥分校工作的独立研究者。培训目标将通过具体研讨会和课程、动手实践以及培训委员会的一对一指导来实现，培训委员会由弱势群体艾滋病毒预防研究、行为干预设计、国际背景下（特别是美国/墨西哥边境地区）的社交网络分析和艾滋病毒社会流行病学研究。该研究的目标是通过对墨西哥蒂华纳的 200 名女性性工作者 (FSW) 的吸毒男性客户中与艾滋病毒风险行为相关的社交网络因素进行横断面研究来实现。美国/墨西哥边境的艾滋病毒疫情正在迅速蔓延，主要集中在吸毒者和女性性工作者等高危人群中。社交网络分析 (SNA) 在美国已使用多年，以了解吸毒者社交网络在区域艾滋病毒传播中的作用，但很少在区域之间或跨国界使用，其特点是高度交叉-边境流动性。了解社交网络在高度流动的“桥梁”人群中的作用对于更细致和更具体地了解边境地区传染病的传播至关重要。拟议的研究将使我能够应用新获得的 SNA 技能来评估社交网络的结构、组成和影响，以及特别高风险群体（美国和蒂华纳）的毒品、性和社交网络之间的相互作用程度- 以吸毒为主的 FSW 男性顾客。该人群吸毒率很高（25% 的人报告曾经注射过毒品，高达 88% 的人报告一生吸食可卡因、海洛因或甲基苯丙胺），并且与 FSW 和其他伴侣有相当高的性危险行为（其中 66% 的人报告同时存在）性和吸毒）。拟议研究的结果对于为边境地区因性行为和吸毒而面临艾滋病毒风险的个人制定量身定制的干预措施以及发展流动性艾滋病毒风险路径的未来研究至关重要。此外，培养社交网络分析技能将使我成为药物滥用领域仅有的少数拥有此类技能的混合方法研究人员之一，也是加州大学圣保罗分校全球公共卫生部门中唯一的一名研究人员。迭戈. 公共卫生相关性：美国/墨西哥边境是吸毒者等弱势群体（包括女性性工作者 (FSW) 及其嫖客）艾滋病毒流行的所在地，但很少有社会流行病学研究评估社交网络在影响传播方面的作用该地区的艾滋病毒感染情况。拟议研究的结果对于两国努力为面临艾滋病毒风险的吸毒者制定量身定制的干预措施至关重要，并且对于开展未来长期研究社交网络对流动“桥接”人群中艾滋病毒风险的影响至关重要他们有潜力将高风险群体和低风险群体联系起来。此外，培养社交网络分析技能将使候选人成为药物滥用领域少数拥有此类技能的混合方法研究人员之一，也是加州大学全球公共卫生部门唯一的一名研究人员。圣地亚哥。