Studies of Populations Exposed to Environmental Sources of Radiation

暴露于环境辐射源的人群的研究

• 批准号: 8565425
• 负责人: Kiyohiko Mabuchi
• 金额: $ 150.71万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8565425
• 关键词: Accidents; Adult; Affect; Animals; Area; Belarus; Benign; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Cessation of life; Chernobyl Nuclear Accident; Child; Childhood; Code; Cohort Studies; Collaborations; Collection; Colorectal Adenoma; Communities; Consumption; Country; Coupled; Cutaneous Melanoma; Data; Data Set; Development; Dose; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Risk Factor; Enzymes; Ethnic group; Etiology; Event; Exposure to; External Beam Radiation Therapy; Focus Groups; Gene Targeting; General Population; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glioma; Group Interviews; Health; Hormones; Human; Incidence; Individual; Investigation; Ionizing radiation; Kazakhstan; Lead; Length; Life; Link; Malignant - descriptor; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of thyroid; Manuscripts; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Metabolism; Methodology; Milk; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Nature; Nonionizing Radiation; Nuclear; Occupational Exposure; Organ; Play; Population; Population Study; Pregnant Women; Preparation; Prevention; Procedures; Process; Province; Publishing; Questionnaires; Radiation; Radiation Protection; Radiation-Induced Cancer; Radioactive Fallout; Radioactive Iodine; Radioactive Waste; Radioisotopes; Resources; Risk; Risk Estimate; Risk Factors; Rivers; Role; Russia; Screening procedure; Series; Site; Skin Cancer; Skin Carcinoma; Solar Energy; Solid; Source; Sunlight; System; TERT gene; Techniques; Testing; Testosterone; The Sun; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Time; UV Radiation Exposure; Ukraine; Ultraviolet Rays; Uncertainty; Variant; Vitamin D; Vitamins; base; cancer genetics; cancer risk; case control; cohort; computer program; dosimetry; drinking water; environmental radiation; falls; feeding; field study; follow-up; genome wide association study; improved; in utero; internal radiation; lead exposure; leukemia; member; mortality; neoplasm registry; offspring; prospective; reconstruction; response; telomerase reverse transcriptase; telomere; ultraviolet; weapons

Cancer Mortality Among Populations Exposed to Radioactive Waste in the Techa River by Mayak Nuclear Facility Cancer mortality is being evaluated in a cohort of approximately 30,000 people who lived by the banks of the Techa River in the Southern Urals of Russia and had protracted environmental radiation exposure from radioactive waste released into the river by the Mayak nuclear facility. Current efforts focus on statistical analyses using the recent follow-up data and dosimetry system and manuscript preparation. Significant dose-response relationships have been observed for both solid cancer and leukemia mortality. Chernobyl Thyroid Study in Belarus/Ukraine /b The Chernobyl accident in Ukraine contaminated large parts of Belarus, northwestern Ukraine, and bordering Russian provinces. Two case-control studies with individual dose estimates demonstrated a statistically significant link between thyroid cancer and environmental radiation dose from fallout related to the accident. REB and collaborators organized follow-up screening studies of benign and malignant thyroid disease among those exposed as children to fallout from the accident in Belarus and in Ukraine. The thyroid glands of approximately 12,000 subjects in each country have been screened biennially for four cycles in Ukraine and three cycles in Belarus. The projects have transitioned from active screening to other forms of follow-up using existing national cancer registries. Cohort-based GWAS of Glioma We have almost completed a cohort-based genome wide association study of glioma including 18 studies from the Cohort Consortium, with the aim of confirming gene regions associated with glioma risk, identifying new regions of genetic susceptibility that may be more apparent in a cohort setting, and conducting targeted gene-environment analyses based on the covariate data available from cohorts. Development of Computer Program for Organ Dose Calculations The computer program is based on Monte Carlo transport technique coupled with computational human phantoms to provide organ dose estimates for individuals exposed to radiological accidents or terrorist events. Dose reconstruction and Health Effects of In-utero and Early Life Radiation Exposure Appropriate medical countermeasures for prevention of adverse health effects following radiological or nuclear incidents are critical to radiation protection of exposed populations, and are of particular scientific, medical and public concern when pregnant women and their offspring are involved. Several thousands of children born in Belarus during the period from April 26, 1986 through February 28, 1987, were exposed in utero and in early life as a result of the Chernobyl accident. This study will establish a cohort of about 2,500 Belarusian individuals exposed in utero and in early life to radioactive iodine and other radioactive isotopes from Chernobyl fallout, reconstruct doses to the thyroid gland from internal and external radiation exposure, ascertain thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases and assess radiation dose-responses. NHANES III: Prospective Vitamin Study The NHANES III data set with measured vitamin D levels on about 20,000 people is a resource that allows investigation of the relationship between vitamin D and specific causes of mortality. This cohort includes actual vitamin D measurements and about 2253 deaths, of which nearly 900 are cancer deaths. The dataset also allows examination of relationships between vitamin D and other circulating hormones (e.g., testosterone), which may contribute to cancer associations. Nordic Brain Collaboration Analyses from the NCI Adult Brain Tumor Study have identified possible risk factors for brain tumors including environmental factors such as exposure to lead, and genetic factors, including polymorphisms involved in lead metabolism. We plan to test these hypotheses using data from Nordic case-control studies of adult brain tumors for replication studies. Telomere Length and Risk of Glioma Recently published genome wide association studies of glioma indicate that the TERT gene, which codes for thr enzyme telomerase reverse transcriptase, is likely to be important in glioma etiology. We will examine the association between telomere length and the risk of glioma, and will explore whether telomere length variation is modified by TERT polymorphisms that are highly associated with glioma risk. Skin Cancer in Radiologic Technologists Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight plays a predominant role in the etiology of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer, but the nature of the relationship is not fully understood. We recently completed questionnaire-based collection of lifetime UV sun-related radiation exposure from more than 70,000 U.S. radiologic technologists and have undertaken analyses to assess risks of specific forms of cancer in relation to exposure. We also plan to evaluate whether skin cancer risks associated with occupational exposures to ionizing radiation might be modified by questionnaire-derived estimates of UV radiation exposures. UV Exposure and Colorectal Adenomas in Fernald Community Cohort The Fernald Community cohort includes data on UV radiation exposure over time and colorectal adenomas identified by medical procedures. This study aims at examing the association between personal UV radiation exposure over time and colorectal adenoma incidence. Study to Improve Thyroid Doses from Fallout Exposure in Kazakhstan This builds on an existing study of radiation exposure and thyroid disease among individuals in Kazakhstan exposed during childhood to radioactive fallout from nuclear tests conducted at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site between 1949 and 1962. High thyroid doses to this population from both internal and external radiation sources present a unique opportunity to quantify and compare the two types as risk factors for thyroid disease in a single population. A field study using focus group interviews has been conducted to investigate aspects of typical village life in areas affected by fallout that might influence individual radiation doses to the thyroid gland. We collected retrospective information about factors influencing radiation dose to the thyroid gland in children of two distinct ethnic groups, including milk and milk product consumption, seasonal practices of pasturing and supplemental feeding of dairy animals at the time of the nuclear tests, time spent outdoors, and radiation shielding provided by buildings. These data will fill key gaps in the current dose-reconstruction methodology and should result in improved dose estimates, providing the basis for evaluating and quantifying dosimetric uncertainty and related biases in risk estimates. Thyroid Cancer Genetic Consortium (THYGENE) We plan to perform a GWAS of differentiated thyroid cancer using 4,000 cases from several studies in THYGENE (including radiologic technologists studies) and 10,000 controls amassed from control series of other large studies, with replication in 1500 thyroid cancer cases and controls by remaining THYGENE consortium member. These studies include ionizing radiation and non-radiation-exposed subjects.

Mayak核设施癌症死亡率暴露于Techa河中的人群中的癌症死亡率正在与俄罗斯南部乌拉尔南部Techa河河岸居住的大约30,000人一起评估，并通过Mayak核设施从放射性废物释放到河流中散发了环境辐射的暴露。当前的工作重点是使用最新的后续数据和剂量学系统和手稿准备进行统计分析。对于固体癌和白血病死亡率，已经观察到显着的剂量反应关系。白俄罗斯 /乌克兰 /B的切尔诺贝利甲状腺研究在乌克兰的切尔诺贝利事故污染了白俄罗斯，西北乌克兰和俄罗斯省的大部分地区。两项对单个剂量估计的病例对照研究表明，甲状腺癌与与事故有关的辐射剂量之间的统计学显着联系。 REB和合作者组织了对良性和恶性甲状腺疾病的后续筛查研究，这些疾病是在白俄罗斯和乌克兰发生的事故中暴露于儿童的情况下。在乌克兰的四个周期和白俄罗斯的三个周期中，每个国家大约有12,000名受试者的甲状腺受到了大约12,000名受试者。这些项目已使用现有的国家癌症注册机构从主动筛查过渡到其他形式的随访。基于队列的神经胶质瘤GWA我们几乎完成了一项基于队列的基因组广泛的神经胶质瘤研究研究，其中包括来自同类财团的18个研究，目的是确认与胶质瘤风险相关的基因区域，从而确定基于基因环境的基因概念的新遗传易感性区域，并基于基因环境进行了基于基因的数据。计算机剂量计算的计算机计划的开发计算机程序基于蒙特卡洛运输技术以及计算人类幻像，以提供暴露于放射学事故或恐怖事件的个体的器官剂量估计。剂量重建和生命早期辐射暴露的剂量重建和健康影响适当的医学对策可预防放射学或核事件后不良健康影响，这对于暴露人群的辐射保护至关重要，并且在涉及孕妇及其后代时特别是科学，医学和公众关注。从1986年4月26日到1987年2月28日，在白俄罗斯出生的数千名儿童在子宫内和切尔诺贝尔事故中暴露在早期生活中。这项研究将建立一个大约2500个白俄罗斯人在子宫内曝光的人，并在早期生命中，从切尔诺贝利辐射中与放射性碘和其他放射性同位素，从内部和外部辐射暴露中重建剂量，从内部和外部辐射暴露中，甲状腺癌和其他甲状腺疾病疾病和其他甲状腺疾病和其他评估放射线剂量，并评估放射线剂量。 NHANES III：前瞻性维生素研究的NHANES III数据集具有约20,000人的维生素D水平的NHANES III数据集，是一种资源，可以研究维生素D与特定死亡率之间的关系。该队列包括实际的维生素D测量和约2253例死亡，其中近900例是癌症死亡。该数据集还允许研究维生素D与其他循环激素（例如睾丸激素）之间的关系，这可能有助于癌症关联。 NCI成人脑肿瘤研究的北欧大脑协作分析已经确定了包括环境因素（例如暴露于铅的环境因素）和遗传因素（包括参与铅代谢的多态性）的可能风险因素。我们计划使用成人脑肿瘤的北欧病例对照研究中的数据来检验这些假设，以进行复制研究。神经胶质瘤的端粒长度和风险最近发表了胶质瘤的基因组广泛关联研究表明，代码为THR酶端粒逆转录酶的TERT基因在神经胶质瘤病因中可能很重要。我们将检查端粒长度与神经胶质瘤风险之间的关联，并将探索端粒长度变化是否通过与神经胶质瘤风险高度相关的TERT多态性改变。放射技术专家中的皮肤癌暴露于阳光中紫外线（UV）辐射在黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的病因中起主要作用，但这种关系的性质尚未完全了解。最近，我们从70,000多名美国放射学技术人员那里完成了基于问卷调查的寿命紫外线相关辐射的收集，并进行了分析，以评估与暴露有关的特定形式的癌症的风险。我们还计划评估是否可以通过问卷调查的紫外线辐射暴露估计值来改变与电离辐射相关的皮肤癌风险。 Fernald社区队列中Fernald社区队列的紫外线暴露和结直肠腺瘤包含有关随时间的紫外线辐射暴露的数据和医疗程序确定的结直肠腺瘤。这项研究旨在检查随着时间的流逝，个人紫外线辐射暴露与结直肠腺瘤发生率之间的关联。在哈萨克斯坦改善甲状腺剂量剂量的研究是基于对哈萨克斯坦的辐射暴露和甲状腺疾病的现有研究的基础单个人群中甲状腺疾病的因素。已经进行了一项使用焦点小组访谈的现场研究，以调查受辐射影响的典型乡村生活的各个方面，可能会影响甲状腺的个体辐射剂量。我们收集了有关两个不同种族的儿童影响甲状腺辐射剂量的因素的回顾性信息，包括牛奶和牛奶产品的消费，放牧的季节性实践以及在核试验时对奶牛动物的补充喂养，在户外花费的时间以及建筑物提供的辐射屏蔽。这些数据将填补当前剂量重建方法中的关键空白，并应提高剂量估计，从而为评估和量化的剂量计不确定性及其相关偏见提供了基础。甲状腺癌遗传联盟（Thygene）我们计划使用来自甲基苯基的几项研究（包括放射科学技术人员研究）的4,000例分化甲状腺癌的GWA，并从其他大型研究中获得的10,000个对照组在1500个甲状腺癌病例和对照中复制的其他大型研究中获得的10,000个对照组，并通过含有硫烯成员进行了对照。这些研究包括电离辐射和非辐射暴露受试者。