Studies of Atomic Bomb Survivors

原子弹爆炸幸存者研究

• 批准号: 9339148
• 负责人: Kiyohiko Mabuchi
• 金额: $ 55.28万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9339148
• 关键词: 20 year old; Adult; Age; Biological; Brain; Breast; Child; Cohort Studies; Collaborations; Colon Carcinoma; Data; Dependence; Dose; Elderly; Epidemiologic Studies; Foundations; Gold; Hematopoietic System; Incidence; Individual; Japan; Life; Linear Models; Liver; Longevity; Lung; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder; Nervous system structure; Organ; Ovary; Paper; Pattern; Perinatal Exposure; Publishing; Radiation; Radiation-Induced Cancer; Relative Risks; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Estimate; Shapes; Site; Skin; Solid; Source; Specimen; Surveys; Survivors; Thyroid Gland; Time; Tumor Subtype; Uncertainty; Uterus; atomic data; bone; cancer risk; cancer site; cohort; early childhood; environmental radiation; follow-up; leukemia; malignant breast neoplasm; malignant stomach neoplasm; mortality; radiation effect; response; sex

The Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of 94,000 survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings is being studied in collaboration with the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF). Cohort studies are used to quantify environmental radiation dose response and its dependence on histological subtype of tumor, age at exposure, sex, age at observation, time following exposure and other factors.More than half a century after the atomic bombings, a statistically significant excess risk of cancer is still apparent. The latest LSS solid cancer incidence report includes 17,448 first primary cancers among the LSS survivors, of which 853 are estimated to be excess cases attributable to radiation exposure. The shape of the dose response for solid cancers as a group and for many individual cancer sites continues to be well described by a linear model. The most important finding is that the excess absolute rates for solid cancer increase throughout life for all ages. The excess relative risks associated with radiation exposure are high for cancers of the bladder cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer, whereas excess absolute rates are high for stomach cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and lung cancer. Solid cancer risks are especially high among these exposed in utero and early childhood. However, the uncertainty remains regarding the temporal patterns of the radiation-related cancer risk, especially among the survivor younger than 20 years of age at the time of the atomic bombings, and continued follow-up of this cohort is needed to clarify this uncertainty. A paper has been published on the long-term and temperal pattern of leukemia risk, demonstrating persistent increase of the risk 50 years after exposure.

与放射效应研究基金会（RERF）合作研究了Hiroshima和Nagasaki Atomic Bombings的94,000名幸存者的生命研究研究（LSS）队列。队列研究用于量化环境辐射剂量反应及其对肿瘤组织学亚型的依赖，暴露年龄，性别，观察年龄，暴露时间和其他因素。在原子爆炸后半个多世纪以来，统计上显着的癌症过量风险仍然显而易见。最新的LSS固体癌症发病率报告包括LSS幸存者中的17,448次初级癌症，其中853例估计是归因于辐射暴露的过量病例。固体癌作为一组和许多单个癌症部位的剂量反应的形状继续被线性模型很好地描述。最重要的发现是，所有年龄段的固体癌症的绝对率过高。膀胱癌，乳腺癌和肺癌的癌症与辐射暴露相关的过量相对风险很高，而对于胃癌，乳腺癌，结肠癌和肺癌的绝对率很高。在子宫内和幼儿期暴露的癌症风险尤其高。然而，关于辐射相关癌症风险的时间模式的不确定性仍然存在，尤其是在原子爆炸时20岁以下的幸存者中，需要继续进行该队列的随访来阐明这种不确定性。已经发表了有关白血病风险的长期和气质模式的论文，表明暴露后50年的风险持续增加。