Mechanisms of Value-Driven Attentional Capture

价值驱动的注意力捕获机制

• 批准号: 8317045
• 负责人: Brian August Anderson
• 金额: $ 4.22万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8317045
• 关键词: Arousal; Association Learning; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Automobile Driving; Award; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Clinical Research; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Disease; Drug Addiction; Environment; Exhibits; Extinction (Psychology); Eye; Eye Movements; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Investigation; Learning; Measures; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Mydriasis; Obesity; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Opiate Addiction; Opioid; Organism; Participant; Patients; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Predisposition; Process; Psychophysics; Research; Resources; Rewards; Role; Running; Safety; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Syndrome; Testing; Time; Training; Ursidae Family; Ventral Striatum; Visual; Work; attentional modulation; career; cognitive neuroscience; directed attention; distraction; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; interest; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; oculomotor; psychologic; skills; thought control; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Attention selects which aspects of sensory input are brought to awareness. Because attention is a limited resource, which stimuli are attended has important implications for effective goal- directed behavior, survival, and well-being. Attentional selection can proceed in voluntary fashion, according to context-specific goals. At the same time, however, certain kinds of stimuli receive attentional processing involuntarily, overriding goal-directed attention allocation. Such stimuli are said to capture attention. It is well establised that physically salient stimuli capture attention, and that ongoing priorities influence attentiona selection involuntarily through contingent attentional capture. Recently, my colleagues and I have shown that valuable stimuli, previously associated with the delivery of reward, also capture attention involuntarily, independently of salience and ongoing priorities. We have referred to this phenomenon as value-driven attentional capture, and the proposed project will investigate the mechanisms by which learned value influences attentional priority in this way. Aim 1 will probe the mechanisms of selection in value-driven capture using human eye tracking. Through Aim 2, the neural mechanisms of value-driven capture will be assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Aim 3 will investigate the role of value-driven capture in drug addiction. The results will provide a better understanding of the ways in which reward learning influences attentional priority, which represents one of the most critical roles that attention plas in promoting survival. Although attention to reward-predicting stimuli will often be adaptive, it can also become maladaptive when attention to rewarding stimuli conflicts with ongoing goals. In this way, the proposed project will also have important implications for clinical syndromes in which both attention and reward have been critically implicated, including drug addiction, obesity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; these implications will be explored directly in Aim 3. Finally, the proposed project will provide outstanding cutting-edge training in cognitive neuroscience, neuroimaging methodology, and related technical skills, and will continue to develop my strong background in behavioral psychophysics. This award will provide support to complete my dissertation research and prepare me for the next step in my scientific career. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project investigates the role of reward learning in involuntary attention allocation. Attending to rewarding stimuli is a critical function of the human brain; several clinical conditions, including drug addiction, obesity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, are characterized by disorders of cognitiv control that are thought to involve disordered reward learning. This project will contribute to the basic-research foundations for clinical research into the causes and treatments of these conditions. The findings of the proposed project will also speak to the mechanisms by which people attend to and are distracted by stimuli in their environment, which has public safety implications for issues such as distraction while driving.

描述（由申请人提供）：注意力选择感官输入的哪些方面被引起注意。由于注意力是一种有限的资源，因此关注哪些刺激对于有效的目标导向行为、生存和福祉具有重要影响。注意力 选择可以根据具体情况的目标以自愿的方式进行。然而，与此同时，某些类型的刺激会不由自主地接受注意力处理，从而凌驾于目标导向的注意力分配之上。据说这种刺激可以吸引注意力。众所周知，身体上显着的刺激会吸引注意力，而持续的优先事项会通过偶然的注意力捕获不由自主地影响注意力选择。最近，我和我的同事们发现，以前与提供奖励相关的有价值的刺激也会不由自主地吸引注意力，与显着性和持续的优先事项无关。我们已经提到过这个 现象作为价值驱动的注意力捕获，拟议的项目将研究学习价值以这种方式影响注意力优先级的机制。目标 1 将探讨使用人眼跟踪的价值驱动捕获的选择机制。通过目标 2，将使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 评估价值驱动捕获的神经机制，目标 3 将研究价值驱动捕获在药物成瘾中的作用。研究结果将有助于更好地理解奖励学习如何影响注意力优先级，这是注意力在促进生存方面最关键的作用之一。尽管对奖赏预测刺激的注意力通常是适应性的，但当对奖赏刺激的注意力与持续目标发生冲突时，它也可能变得适应不良。通过这种方式，拟议的项目还将对注意力和奖励都受到严重影响的临床综合症产生重要影响，包括毒瘾、肥胖、强迫症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍；这些影响将在目标 3 中直接探讨。最后，拟议的项目将提供认知神经科学、神经影像方法和相关技术技能方面出色的前沿培训，并将继续发展我在行为心理物理学方面的强大背景。该奖项将为我完成论文研究提供支持，并为我科学生涯的下一步做好准备。 公共卫生相关性：拟议项目调查奖励学习在非自愿注意力分配中的作用。关注奖励性刺激是人类大脑的一项重要功能。一些临床病症，包括毒瘾、肥胖、强迫症和注意力缺陷/多动症，其特征是认知控制障碍，被认为与奖励学习障碍有关。该项目将有助于 这些疾病的原因和治疗的临床研究的基础研究基础。拟议项目的研究结果还将探讨人们关注环境中的刺激并被其分散注意力的机制，这对驾驶时分心等问题具有公共安全影响。