Brain oscillatory dynamics in lexical-semantic processing

词汇语义处理中的大脑振荡动力学

• 批准号: 8247761
• 负责人: Monika Sharma Mellem
• 金额: $ 2.95万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8247761
• 关键词: Acquired Language Disorders; Alexia; Aphasia; Area; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Canis familiaris; Communication; Comprehension; Conscious; Data; Electroencephalography; Felis catus; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Image; Impairment; Inferior frontal gyrus; L Forms; Language; Lead; Left; Lesion; Measures; Methods; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Patients; Pattern; Phase; Pilot Projects; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Recruitment Activity; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Semantics; Stimulus; Study Section; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Variant; aphasic; information processing; insight; language processing; lexical; neuropsychological; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; semantic processing; treatment strategy

When the brain accesses the meaning of a word, it undergoes two types of lexical-semantic processing: automatic and controlled. Automatic processes are not under conscious control, while controlled processes can be. The language networks involved in these types of processes differ in that automatic processes mostly recruit areas in the left temporal lobe while controlled processes recruit areas in both the left temporal lobe and the left prefrontal cortex. But describing the anatomical areas involved in certain processes can only give us a sense of the static network that supports these processes. We propose to investigate how a dynamic network for lexical-semantic processing may be created through the mechanism of synchronization of brain oscillations. It has been proposed that synchronization of brain oscillations is able to dynamically recruit local neural populations and connect far away populations for communication. Synchronization of oscillations can be measured using EEG and analyzing the time, frequency, phase, and amplitude of the data. We propose to use these methods in the novel application of studying automatic and controlled lexical-semantic processing. The aims of this project are to study local synchronization in the left temporal and prefrontal cortices and long- distance synchronization over the left fronto-temporal network in automatic and controlled (specifically controlled single meaning selection) lexical-semantic processes; in this endeavor, we will utilize two semantic context paradigms. We will also examine how the dynamic formation of the lexical-semantic network may be disrupted in aphasics as a possible insight into their language comprehension impairments.

当大脑访问单词的含义时，它会经历两种类型的词汇语义处理：自动和控制。自动过程不受意识控制，而受控过程可以。这些类型过程中涉及的语言网络在自动过程中主要是左颞叶中的募集区域，而受控过程中左颞叶和左前额叶皮层的招募区域均不同。但是，描述某些过程中涉及的解剖区域只能使我们了解支持这些过程的静态网络。我们建议研究如何通过脑振荡同步的机制来创建用于词汇 - 语义处理的动态网络。有人提出，大脑振荡的同步能够动态募集局部神经种群并将遥远的人群连接起来进行交流。振荡的同步可以使用脑电图进行测量，并分析数据的时间，频率，相位和幅度。我们建议在研究自动和受控的词法语义处理的新应用中使用这些方法。该项目的目的是研究在自动和受控（特定控制的单个含义选择）词法 - 词法过程中，左时和额叶皮层中的局部同步以及左额额颞网络上的长距离同步；在这项工作中，我们将利用两个语义上下文范例。我们还将研究如何在失语方面破坏词汇语义网络的动态形成，以此作为对他们的语言理解障碍的可能见解。