Mapping the Neurocognitive Architecture of Reading

绘制阅读的神经认知架构

• 批准号: 9923441
• 负责人: Jonathan Vivian Dickens
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9923441
• 关键词: Academic Medical Centers; Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Alexia; Anatomy; Aphasia; Architecture; Area; Auditory; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Mapping; Categories; Child; Chronic; Classification; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Data; Data Collection; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dissection; Experimental Designs; Experimental Psychology; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Goals; Head; Image; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Left; Lesion; Linguistics; Literature; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mentors; Mentorship; Mission; Modeling; Modernization; Motor; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neurological Models; Neurologist; Neurosciences; Orthography; Pathway interactions; Patients; Play; Population; Process; Prospective Studies; Psycholinguistics; Reading; Research; Role; Schools; Semantics; Speech; Statistical Data Interpretation; Stereotyping; Stroke; Structure; Symptoms; Syndrome; System; Testing; Time; Training; Translating; United States; Voice; base; behavior measurement; behavior test; case-based; chronic stroke; cognitive system; comorbidity; connectome; connectome data; disability; executive function; experience; imaging study; improved; language impairment; language outcome; lexical; literacy; mental imagery; neural network; neuroimaging; phonology; post stroke; programs; reading ability; reading difficulties; relating to nervous system; semantic processing; sound; spelling; stem; stroke outcome; stroke survivor; white matter

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT One in five stroke survivors in the United States live with chronic aphasia, a persistent loss of language. Most people with aphasia also have difficulty reading, but the cognitive and neural bases for co-morbid deficits in reading and language are not fully understood. Loss of reading ability, or alexia, causes significant difficulty in activities of daily living. Reading is a recent cultural acquisition in evolutionary time, and children require years of schooling to develop literacy. Thus, normal reading is thought to be parasitic on more general cognitive and neural systems. Parallel to healthy reading, alexia is hypothesized to reflect insult to more general cognitive and neural systems. Despite this proposition, how language deficits in stroke translate to non-visual reading deficits is underspecified. Moreover, despite strong evidence that white matter disconnections are crucial determiners of language outcomes in chronic stroke, the role of structural disconnections in alexia is not known. This lesion study aims to dissect component cognitive systems and brain connections critical for reading. Normally, reading involves a cooperative division of labor between phonological and semantic processes. Acquired deficits in these reading processes manifest as difficulty reading specific word types. Particularly, effects of lexicality (word vs. pseudoword), orthographic regularity (regular vs. irregular spelling-sound mappings), and imageability (poor vs. rich mental imagery) define phonological and semantic reading deficits. Preliminary cortical lesion-symptom mapping and behavioral data from a previously collected group of chronic stroke survivors suggest that specific word types are differentially dependent on phonological and semantic subprocesses, including articulatory coding, auditory-motor integration, and executive control over semantic representations. This previous study’s abridged reading battery and lack of structural connectome data limited the behavioral relationships we were able to observe, and precluded measurement of key white matter pathways. This prospective study of chronic left hemisphere stroke will identify the cognitive deficits (Aim 1) and structural disconnections (Aim 2) underlying alexia through integration of rigorous behavioral testing with structural connectome-symptom mapping (NIDCD Voice, Speech, and Language Program: Language & Literacy mission areas). The main hypothesis is that post-stroke effects of lexicality, regularity, and imageability on reading relate differentially to deficits in phonological and semantic subprocesses. Generalized linear mixed modeling will determine associations between behavioral measures of articulatory coding, auditory-motor integration, semantic control, and semantic representation with reading deficits along the axes of lexicality, regularity, and imageability. Structural connectome-symptom mapping will determine disconnections associated with reading deficits along these axes and the anatomical basis for convergence between language and reading deficits identified in behavioral analyses. This study will elucidate the insults to cognition and brain structure that underlie reading deficits in stroke, which can guide predictions of post-stroke reading and language outcomes.

项目摘要/摘要 在美国，有五分之一的中风存活率患有慢性失语症，这是语言的持续丧失。最多 失语症的人也很难阅读，但是合并缺陷的认知和神经基础 阅读和语言尚未完全理解。阅读能力的丧失或Alexia造成了很大的困难 日常生活的活动。阅读是进化时期最近的文化收购，孩子需要数年 教育以发展扫盲。那就是，正常阅读被认为是对更通用的认知和 神经系统。假设Alexia平行于健康阅读，以反映更通用的认知和 神经系统。尽管提出了这一建议，但语言如何定义中风转化为非视觉阅读缺陷 被指定。此外，dospite有力证明白质断开是至关重要的决定者 在慢性中风中的语言结果中，尚不清楚结构性脱节在亚历克西亚中的作用。这个病变 研究旨在剖析组件认知系统和对阅读至关重要的大脑联系。 通常，阅读涉及在语音和语义过程之间进行劳动的合作分配。 在这些阅读过程中，获得的定义表现为读取特定单词类型的困难。特别， 词汇性的效果（单词与伪造），拼字法规性（规则与不规则拼写单词 映射）和可成像性（差与丰富的心理图像）定义了语音和语义阅读缺陷。 先前收集的慢性基团的初步皮质病变 - 症状映射和行为数据 中风存活表明，特定的单词类型不同于语音和语义 子过程，包括发音编码，听觉运动集成以及对语义的执行控制 表示。这项先前研究的删节阅读电池和缺乏结构连接数据有限 我们能够观察到的行为关系，排除了关键白质途径的测量。 对慢性左半球中风的前瞻性研究将确定认知缺陷（AIM 1）和 结构性断开（目标2）通过将严格的行为测试与与 结构连接符号映射（NIDCD语音，语音和语言程序：语言与扫盲 任务区）。主要的假设是词汇，规律性和可成像性对中风后影响 阅读与语音和语义子过程中的定义不同。广义线性混合 建模将确定发音编码的行为度量，听觉运动之间的关联 集成，语义控制和语义表示与沿词汇轴的阅读定义， 规律性和可像性。结构连接组示例映射将确定相关的断开连接 阅读沿着这些轴定义和语言和阅读之间收敛的解剖基础 行为分析中发现的缺陷。这项研究将阐明对认知和大脑结构的侮辱 基础阅读定义了中风，这可以指导触摸后阅读和语言结果的预测。