Interdisciplinary Research Training in Health and Aging

健康与老龄化跨学科研究培训

• 批准号: 8235768
• 负责人: CARLOS F. MENDES DE LEON
• 金额: $ 8.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8235768
• 关键词: Aging; Health; Interdisciplinary Study; Research Training

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Modern increases in the burden of chronic disease at older ages are partly a consequence of increased survival and life expectancy made possible by improvements in lifestyle, environmental conditions and medical treatments that influence longevity. We propose an interdisciplinary training program in public health and aging that will prepare our trainees as researchers in public health science and policy to address the causes and consequences of chronic disease in older people and to develop effective programs and policies. Faculty (n=19) from 10+ disciplines in public health and in medicine with outstanding records in doctoral/postdoctoral mentoring and aging research will participate. We will train 16 doctoral and postdoctoral students who will gain the skills and knowledge needed to apply public health science and policy to the problems of aging and chronic disease. This will be accomplished by core coursework, interdisciplinary monthly seminars, practice internships, and co-mentoring by faculty highly experienced in interdisciplinary research and training. Understanding the trajectories of change in health and function among older adults clearly requires longitudinal perspectives that can capture both cumulative and changing exposures. This implies use of methodological and statistical models that permit modeling of time-dependent covariates and simultaneous competing outcomes. Research in older populations has special methodological and conceptual challenges that are not addressed in standard public health programs. Our training program in chronic disease in older adults will address the following issues: 1.) Risk factors, exposures and disease. The effects of risk factors on chronic disease may be time-dependent (early life or mid life vs. late life) due to changes in biology with age, selective survival, or other cofactors that vary over time and with aging. 2.) Primary prevention of chronic disease in older adults. The evidence that disease can be prevented in older populations by altering primary risk factors. 3.) Prevention of disease progression: 4.) Methods of research in aging adults including practical issues of recruitment, retention and more theoretical issues such as methods to measure frailty, cognitive and functional status and disability. 5.) Models in aging including longitudinal analytic techniques, missing data, time-dependent analyses. 6.) Translation into public health practice and policy. This training program is based on the realization that understanding, preventing and managing the consequences of chronic disease in older people is complex and requires a multi-level approach that integrates clinical, biological and psychosocial factors with health care and health policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：老年慢性疾病负担的现代增加是由于影响寿命的生活方式，环境状况和医疗治疗的改善而导致生存和预期寿命增加的结果。我们提出了一项公共卫生和衰老的跨学科培训计划，该计划将使我们的学员成为公共卫生科学和政策研究人员，以解决老年人慢性疾病的原因和后果，并制定有效的计划和政策。来自10多个公共卫生学科和医学学科的教师（n = 19）将参与博士/博士后指导和衰老研究的出色记录。我们将培训16名博士和博士后学生，他们将获得将公共卫生科学和政策应用于衰老和慢性病问题的技能和知识。这将通过核心课程，跨学科的每月研讨会，实践实习以及在跨学科研究和培训中经验丰富的教师的授权来完成。了解老年人健康和功能变化的轨迹显然需要纵向观点，这些观点可以捕捉累积和变化的暴露。这意味着使用方法和统计模型，这些模型允许建模时间依赖性的协变量和同时竞争结果。在较旧的人群中的研究具有特殊的方法论和概念性挑战，这些挑战在标准的公共卫生计划中未解决。我们在老年人中慢性疾病的培训计划将解决以下问题：1。）风险因素，暴露和疾病。危险因素对慢性病的影响可能是由于生物学随着年龄的增长，选择性生存而变化而导致的时间依赖性的（早期或中期生活与后期生活），或者随着时间的流逝和衰老而变化的其他辅助因子。 2.）初级预防老年人的慢性疾病。通过改变主要危险因素可以预防较老的人群可以预防疾病的证据。 3.）预防疾病进展：4。）衰老成年人的研究方法，包括招聘的实际问题，保留和更多理论问题，例如测量脆弱，认知和功能状况和残疾的方法。 5.）衰老的模型，包括纵向分析技术，缺少数据，时间依赖性分析。 6.）转化为公共卫生实践和政策。该培训计划基于这样的认识，即了解，预防和管理老年人慢性疾病的后果是复杂的，需要一种多层次的方法将临床，生物和社会心理因素与卫生保健和卫生政策相结合。