Impact of the New Zealand Minimum Drinking Age on Context Specific Drinking Risks

新西兰最低饮酒年龄对特定饮酒风险的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8323529
负责人：
PAUL J GRUENEWALD
金额：
$ 17.61万
依托单位：
PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-09-01 至 2013-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8323529
关键词：
18 year old Adult Affect Age Alcohol abuse Alcohol consumption Alcohols Controlled Environment Country Data Development Dose Drug Formulations Economics Environment Foundations Future General Population Germany Goals Housing Impact evaluation Indigenous Jamaica Laws Lead Legal Marketing Measurement Measures Methods Military Personnel Modeling Native-Born New Zealand Pacific Island Americans Pattern Policies Population Principal Investigator Public Health Publishing Research Research Methodology Research Personnel Restaurants Risk Sampling Scientific Advances and Accomplishments Series Social Controls Societies Source Surveys Testing Vehicle crash Voting Work Youth age effect alcohol related problem base binge drinking college drinking data modeling drinking drinking behavior interest mathematical model minimum drinking age population survey pressure reduced alcohol use response theories tool underage drinker underage drinking young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Increases in the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) have been shown to reduce alcohol use and related problems among young people in the US. As a policy tool, MLDA laws are effective, easy to implement and enforce and, although underage youth can still obtain alcohol through other means, generally beneficial to society. Nevertheless, economic and political pressures to lower MLDAs are strong in the US and other countries. These pressures have led to a recent decrease in the minimum purchase age (MPA) in New Zealand. One argument in support of this change is that higher MPAs lead underage youth to drink excessively in environments with little social control. Presumably lower MPAs enable young people to drink in socially controlled, safer, drinking environments (e.g., bars and restaurants). The validity of this argument is tested using a mathematical model of context specific drinking risks and a unique source of repeated alcohol surveys conducted in New Zealand before and after a reduction in the MPA in 1999 from 20 to 18 years of age. Importantly, since the primary impact of a lower MPA is to broaden the contexts in which young people can drink, the lower MPA may affect drinking risks independent of drinking levels. The model, data, and proposed statistical analyses will enable us to: (1) Measure the impacts of lowered MPA on selection of drinking contexts among underage youth, of-age youth, and adult drinkers, (2) Assess the extent to which risks related to those contexts are responsive to drinking levels in those contexts (context specific dose-response), (3) Estimate the cumulative impact of the lowered MPA on alcohol problems and their distribution across drinking contexts among youth and adults in New Zealand, (4) Examine context specific drinking risks among indigenous populations after the MPA change. Eight specific hypotheses will be tested with regard to expected impacts of the lowered MPA on drinking patterns and problems in the general population and indigenous groups in New Zealand. The short-term goal of the project is to assess the impacts of the lowered MPA upon youth drinking and context specific risks for alcohol problems in New Zealand. The public health significance of achieving this goal will be the development and application of new methods for the measurement of these risks. Since the research will be conducted using data from a foreign but comparable English-speaking country, the results of the study will generalize, within limits, to populations in the US. The research will contribute substantively to the formulation of adequate quantitative frameworks with which to assess the impacts of reductions in MLDAs. Thus, the long-term goal and public health significance of this study will be to advance the scientific foundations upon which future evaluations of the impacts of changes in MLDA laws can be based.

描述（由申请人提供）：事实证明，提高最低法定饮酒年龄（MLDA）可以减少美国年轻人的饮酒和相关问题。作为一种政策工具，MLDA 法律有效、易于实施和执行，尽管未成年人仍然可以通过其他方式获得酒精，但总体上对社会有益。然而，美国和其他国家面临着降低 MLDA 的强大经济和政治压力。这些压力导致新西兰最近降低了最低购买年龄（MPA）。支持这一变化的一个论点是，较高的 MPA 会导致未成年人在社会控制很少的环境中过度饮酒。据推测，较低的 MPA 使年轻人能够在社会控制的、更安全的饮酒环境（例如酒吧和餐馆）中饮酒。这一论点的有效性是通过特定饮酒风险的数学模型和 1999 年 MPA 从 20 岁降低至 18 岁之前和之后在新西兰进行的重复酒精调查的独特来源来检验的。重要的是，由于较低的 MPA 的主要影响是扩大年轻人可以饮酒的范围，因此较低的 MPA 可能会影响饮酒风险，而与饮酒水平无关。模型、数据和拟议的统计分析将使我们能够：(1) 衡量 MPA 降低对未成年青少年、成年青少年和成年饮酒者饮酒环境选择的影响，(2) 评估风险程度与这些环境相关的因素对这些环境中的饮酒水平有反应（具体环境剂量反应），(3) 估计 MPA 降低对新西兰青少年和成人酒精问题的累积影响及其在饮酒环境中的分布， (4) 检查 MPA 变更后土著居民的具体饮酒风险。将测试八个具体假设，以了解 MPA 降低对新西兰普通民众和土著群体饮酒模式和问题的预期影响。该项目的短期目标是评估 MPA 降低对新西兰青少年饮酒的影响以及酒精问题的具体风险。实现这一目标对公共卫生的意义将在于开发和应用测量这些风险的新方法。由于该研究将使用来自外国但类似的英语国家的数据进行，因此该研究的结果将在一定范围内推广到美国人口。该研究将为制定适当的定量框架做出实质性贡献，以评估减少MLDA的影响。因此，本研究的长期目标和公共卫生意义将是推进科学基础，为未来评估 MLDA 法律变化的影响奠定基础。